MMWR Weekly: Past Volume (1990)

January 4, 1991 / Vol. 39 / Nos. 51&52

• Current Trends Premarital Sexual Experience Among Adolescent Women -- United States, 1970-1988
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports False-Positive Results with the Use of Chlamydia Tests in the Evaluation of Suspected Sexual Abuse -- Ohio, 1990

December 21, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 50

• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Update: Salmonella enteritidis Infections and Shell Eggs -- United States, 1990
• International Notes Influenza Surveillance -- Wales, 1988-89
• Current Trends Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I Screening in Volunteer Blood Donors -- United States, 1989
• Decline in Haemophilus influenzae Type b Meningitis -- Seattle-King County, Washington, 1984-1989
• Notices to Readers Food and Drug Administration Approval of Use of a Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine for Infants
• Extension of Filing Deadline for National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
• Combined Issues of MMWR

December 14, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 49

• Current Trends Alcohol-Related traffic Fatalities - United States, 1982-1989
• Seasonality in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome -- United States, 1980-1987
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Imported Bubonic Plague -- District of Columbia
• Current Trends Update: Influenza Activity -- United States and Worldwide, 1990
• International Notes Brazilian Purpuric Fever -- Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Trends in Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality--United States, 1980-1978 Erratum: Vol. 39, No. 48

December 7, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 48

• Topics in Minority Health Homicide Among Young Black Males -- United States, 1978-1987
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Imported Malaria Associated with Malariotherapy of Lyme Disease -- New Jersey
• Current Trends Trends in Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality -- United States, 1980-1987
• Notices to Readers Availability of "Chronic Disease Reports" Compilation
• Notices to Readers Report on National HIV Seroprevalence Surveys
• Notice to Readers Fourth Supplement to NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, Third Edition
• Notice to Readers MMWR Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States, 1989 Erratum: Vol. 38, No. 54

November 30, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 47

• World AIDS Day 1990
• Current Trends AIDS in Women -- United States
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Risk for Cervical Disease in HIV-Infected Women -- New York City
• International Notes Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- Europe
• Current Trends Update: Public Health Surveillance for HIV Infection -- United States, 1989 and 1990
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Multistate Outbreak of Poisonings Associated with Illicit Use of Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate
• Workplace Exposures to Corrosion-Inhibiting Chemicals from a Steam Humidification System -- Ohio, 1988

November 23, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 46

• Current Trends Surveillance for HIV-2 Infection in Blood Donors -- United States, 1987-1989
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus Surveillance -- United States, 1989-90
• Abortion Surveillance: Preliminary Analysis -- United States, 1988
• Notice to Readers MMWR Serial Publications, Vol. 39, 1990

November 16, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 45

• Current Trends Regional Variation in Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence -- United States, 1988 and 1989
• Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus-- United States, 1980-1987
• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention Preventing Blindness From Diabetic Eye Disease -- Texas
• National Diabetes Month
• Topics in Minority Health Yersinia enterocolitica Infections during the Holidays in Black Families -- Georgia
• Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Summary of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Report to Congress: The Public Health Implications of Medical Waste
• Notices to Readers National Minority Health Conference
• Notices to Readers Electromagnetic Radiation Workshop

November 9, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 44

• The Great American Smokeout -- November 15, 1990
• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention Cigarette Sales to Minors -- Colorado, 1989
• Survey of Smoking-Prevention Education Efforts in Elementary Schools -- Washington State, 1989
• Prevention 91 Conference Erratum: Vol. 39, No. 43

November 2, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 43

• Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Strengthening Public Health Practice: Survey of State Health Officers -- United States, 1989
• Current Trends Hospitalizations for the Leading Causes of Death Among the Elderly -- United States, 1987
• Mortality from Alzheimer Disease -- United States, 1979-1987
• Enterovirus Surveillance -- United States, 1990
• Update: Analysis of L-Tryptophan for the Etiology of Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome
• Notices to Readers National Conference on State-Based Occupational Health and Safety Activities
• Notice to Readers Prevention 91 Conference

October 26, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 42

• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Typhoid Fever -- Skagit County, Washington
• Exertional Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Renal Impairment -- New York City and Massachusetts, 1988
• Current Trends Update: St. Louis Encephalitis -- Florida and Texas, 1990
• International Notes Rabies Postexposure Immunization Regimens -- Thailand
• Notice to Readers Availability of Meningococcal Vaccine in Single-Dose Vials for Travelers and High-Risk Persons
• Public Health Burden of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases among Adults: Standards for Adult Immunization Practice Erratum: Vol. 39, No. 41
• Quarterly AIDS Map

October 19, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 41

• Health Objectives for the Nation Public Health Burden of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases among Adults: Standards for Adult Immunization Practice
• Current Trends Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System -- United States
• Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion 1990 Secretary's Community Health Promotion Awards
• Current Trends Imported Dengue -- United States, 1989
• International Notes Carbon Monoxide Levels in Indoor Tractor-Pull Events -- Manitoba, Canada
• Notices to Readers Second Conference on International Travel Medicine
• Notices to Readers Conference on Health Effects of Air Pollution
• Notices to Readers CDC Voice Information System

October 12, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 40

• Topics in Minority Health Health Beliefs and Compliance with Prescribed Medication for Hypertension among Black Women -- New Orleans, 1985-86
• Health Objectives for the Nation Progress Toward Achieving the 1990 High Blood Pressure Objectives
• International Notes Update: Health and Nutritional Profile of Refugees -- Ethiopia, 1989-1990
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Nosocomial Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis to Health-Care Workers and HIV-Infected Patients in an Urban Hospital -- Florida

October 5, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 39

• Current Trends Heterosexual Behaviors and Factors that Influence Condom Use among Patients Attending a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic -- San Francisco
• Health Objectives for the Nation Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for the Year 2000
• Notices to Readers National AIDS Information Clearinghouse
• Symposium on Statistical Methods for Evaluation of Intervention and Prevention Strategies
• Food and Drug Administration Approval of Use of Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine for Infants
• Summary of a Workshop on Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Addendum: Vol. 39, No. 36

September 28, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 38

• Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation
• Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Smokers' Beliefs about the Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation -- 20 U.S. Communities, 1989
• Current Trends
• Cigarette Smoking among Reproductive-Aged Women -- Idaho and New York
• Effects of Maternal Cigarette Smoking on Birth Weight and Preterm Birth -- Ohio, 1989
• Cigarette Brand Use among Adult Smokers -- United States, 1986
• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention Evaluation of an Employee Smoking Policy -- Pueblo, Colorado, 1989-90
• Cessation of Cigarette Smoking -- United States, 1989
• Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Smoking-Attributable Mortality -- Kentucky, 1988

September 21, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 37

• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention Factors Related to Cholesterol Screening and Cholesterol Level Awareness -- United States, 1989
• International Notes Tuberculin Reactions in Apparently Healthy HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Women -- Uganda
• Health Objectives for the Nation Progress Toward Achieving the 1990 Objectives for the Nation for Fluoridation and Dental Health
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Update: Arboviral Surveillance -- Florida, 1990

September 14, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 36

• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Measles Outbreak -- Washington, 1989: Failure of Delayed Postexposure Prophylaxis with Vaccine
• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention Summary of a Workshop on Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
• Use of Mammography -- United States, 1990
• Notice to Readers Revised Dosing Regimen for Malaria Prophylaxis with Mefloquine

September 7, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 35

• Current Trends Arboviral Surveillance -- United States, 1990
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis in an Ophthalmology Clinic -- California
• Health Objectives for the Nation Selected Characteristics of Local Health Departments -- United States, 1989
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Nosocomial Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Associated with a Spring-Loaded Fingerstick Device -- California

August 31, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 34

• International notes Earthquake Disaster -- Luzon, Philippines
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Nursing Home Outbreaks of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections -- Illinois, Kansas, North Carolina, and Texas
• Common Source Outbreak of Relapsing Fever -- California
• Current Trends Football-Related Spinal Cord Injuries Among High School Players -- Louisiana, 1989
• Update: Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome Associated with Ingestion of L-Tryptophan -- United States, through August 24, 1990
• Analysis of L-Tryptophan for the Etiology of Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome

August 24, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 33

• International Notes Update: Progress Toward Eradicating Poliomyelitis from the Americas
• Tuberculosis in Developing Countries

August 17, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 32

• Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Coronary Heart Disease Attributable to Sedentary Lifestyle -- Selected States, 1988
• Current Trends Occupational Homicides among Women -- United States, 1980-1985
• Notices to Readers ATSDR/National Governors' Association Report on Closed and Restricted Toxic Sites
• ATSDR Training Program on Health Assessments of Hazardous Sites
• Course on Childhood Lead Poisoning

August 10, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 31

• Current Trends Family and Other Intimate Assaults -- Atlanta, 1984
• Update: Reducing HIV Transmission in Intravenous-Drug Users Not in Drug Treatment -- United States
• Notice to Readers Deadline for Filing Claims for Compensation Under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act

August 3, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 30

• Current Trends Community Outbreaks of Shigellosis -- United States
• Characteristics of Clients in Alcohol- and Drug-Treatment Centers -- South Carolina, 1989
• Infant Mortality by Marital Status of Mother -- United States, 1983

July 27, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 29

• Possible Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to a Patient during an Invasive Dental Procedure
• Asthma -- United States, 1980-1987
• Outbreak of Measles in a Private International School -- Geneva, Switzerland, 1989
• Quarterly AIDS Map

July 20, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 28

• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Measles -- Washington, 1990
• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention State Coalitions for Prevention and Control of Tobacco Use
• Notices to Readers Availability of Primaquine Phosphate from CDC
• Notice to Readers Epidemiology in Action Course

July 13, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 27

• Current Trends Deaths from Oral Cavity and Pharyngeal Cancer -- United States, 1987
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Psittacosis at a Turkey Processing Plant -- North Carolina, 1989
• Notices to Readers Prevention and Control of Influenza: Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) Clarification: Vol. 39, No. RR-7
• Rabies and Rickettsial Diseases Hotline

July 6, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 26

• Current Trends Child Drownings and Near Drownings Associated with Swimming Pools -- Maricopa County, Arizona, 1988 and 1989
• Fatal Injuries to Children -- United States, 1986
• Notices to Readers NIOSH Alerts on Workplace Hazards:Exposure to Chlorofluorocarbon 113 and Electrocution of Workers Using Portable Metal Ladders Near Overhead Power Lines
• MMWR Serial Publications, Vol. 39, 1990

June 29, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 25

• Historical Perspectives Reduced Incidence of Menstrual Toxic-Shock Syndrome -- United States, 1980-1990
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Elemental Mercury Poisoning in a Household -- Ohio, 1989
• Postsurgical Infections Associated with an Extrinsically Contaminated Intravenous Anesthetic Agent -- California, Illinois, Maine, and Michigan, 1990
• Current Trends Silicosis: Cluster in Sandblasters -- Texas, and Occupational Surveillance for Silicosis
• Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance, 1988 Erratum: Vol. 39, No. SS-2
• Arboviral Infections of the Centeral Nervous System--United States, 1989 Addendum: Vol. 39, No. 24

June 22, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 24

• Current Trends Ectopic Pregnancy -- United States, 1987
• Update: Filovirus Infection Associated with Contact with Nonhuman Primates or Their Tissues
• Hepatitis B Screening and Follow-up Vaccination of Infants of Carrier Mothers -- Atlanta, 1988 and 1989
• Arboviral Infections of the Central Nervous System -- United States, 1989
• Notices to Readers NIOSH Guidelines for Protecting the Safety and Health of Health-Care Workers
• Notices to Readers NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletins on Workplace Hazards

June 15, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 23

• Current Trends HIV-Related Knowledge and Behaviors Among High School Students -- Selected U.S. Sites, 1989
• Tickborne Diseases -- Georgia, 1989
• Notice to Readers International Travelers' Hotline

June 8, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 22

• Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis --Texas, California, and Pennsylvania
• Occupational Fatalities Associated with Exposure to Epoxy Resin Paint in an Underground Tank -- Makati, Republic of the Philippines
• Update: Serologic Testing for HIV-1 Antibody --United States, 1988 and 1989

June 1, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 21

• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention State Laws Restricting Minors' Access to Tobacco
• Current Trends Measles -- United States, 1989 and First 20 Weeks 1990
• Perinatal Mortality and Congenital Malformations in Infants Born to Women with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus -- United States, Canada, and Europe, 1940-1988
• Cholera -- Worldwide, 1989
• Notices to Readers Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards

May 25, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 20

• Current Trends Injuries Associated with Horseback Riding --United States, 1987 and 1988
• Alcohol Use and Aquatic Activities -- Massachusetts, 1988
• Aeromonas Wound Infections Associated with Outdoor Activities -- California
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Swimming-Associated Cryptosporidiosis -- Los Angeles County
• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention Malignant Melanoma of the Skin -- New Jersey, 1979-1985

May 18, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 19

• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Update: Measles Outbreak -- Chicago, 1989
• International Notes Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome -- Canada
• Notice to Readers Availability of NIOSH Criteria Documenton Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome
• Update: Influenza Activity--Worldwide and Recommendations for Influenza Vaccine Composotion for the 1990-91 Influenza Seasons

May 11, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 18

• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Mass Sociogenic Illness in a Day-Care Center -- Florida
• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention State-Specific Changes in Cholesterol Screening and Awareness -- United States, 1987-1988

May 4, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 17

• Current Trends Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Human Ehrlichiosis -- United States, 1989
• Plasmid-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- United States, 1988 and 1989
• Update: Influenza Activity -- Worldwide and Recommendations for Influenza Vaccine Composition for the 1990-91 Influenza Season
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Update: Evidence of Filovirus Infection in an Animal Caretaker in a Research/Service Facility
• Notice to Readers Hepatitis Hotline

April 27, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 16

• Current Trends Cigarette Advertising -- United States, 1988
• Update: Filovirus Infections Among Persons with Occupational Exposure to Nonhuman Primates
• Risk Behaviors for HIV Transmission among Intravenous-Drug Users Not in Drug Treatment -- United States, 1987-1989
• Health Objectives for the Nation Laboratory Services and Training in Support of the Year 2000 National Health Objectives
• Implementation of Quarterly AIDS Map
• Statewide Prevelence of Illicit Drug Use by Pregnant Women--Rhode Island

April 20, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 15

• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention Black-White Differences in Cervical Cancer Mortality -- United States, 1980-1987
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports HIV-1 Infection and Artificial Insemination with Processed Semen
• Health Objectives for the Nation Progress Toward Achieving the 1990 National Objectives for the Misuse of Alcohol and Drugs

April 13, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 14

• Current Trends Statewide Prevalence of Illicit Drug Use by Pregnant Women -- Rhode Island
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Foodborne Hepatitis A -- Alaska, Florida, North Carolina, Washington
• Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee Supplementary Statement: Change in Administration Schedule for Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccines
• Moth-Associated Dermatitis--Cozumel, Mexico Addendum: Vol. 39, No. 13
• Changes in Format for Presentation of Notifiable Disease Report Data

April 6, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 13

• International Notes World Health Day 1990
• Mortality in Developed Countries
• International Task Force for Disease Eradication
• World No-Tobacco Day
• Moth-Associated Dermatitis -- Cozumel, Mexico
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Update: Filovirus Infection in Animal Handlers
• Reported measles cases -- United States, weeks 6-9, 1990 Erratum: Vol 39, No. 9

March 30, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 12

• Current Trends Mortality Patterns -- United States
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Bovine Tuberculosis -- Pennsylvania
• Rabies in a Llama -- Oklahoma
• Influenza Vaccination Coverage Levels in Selected Sites--United States, 1989, Addendum: Vol. 39, no.10

March 23, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 11

• Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Alcohol-Related Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost -- United States, 1987
• Alcohol-Related Disease Impact -- Wisconsin, 1988
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Microsporidian Keratoconjunctivitis in Patients with AIDS
• Notice to Readers Fifth National Conference on Chronic Disease Prevention and Control

March 16, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 10

• Current Trends Update: Tuberculosis Elimination -- United States
• Update: Influenza -- United States, 1989-90
• Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Influenza Vaccination Coverage Levels in Selected Sites -- United States, 1989
• Current Trends Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

March 9, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 09

• Publicly Funded HIV Counseling and Testing -- United States, 1985-1989
• Acute Schistosomiasis in U.S. Travelers Returning from Africa
• Low Birthweight -- United States, 1975-1987

March 2, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 08

• Mercury Exposure from Interior Latex Paint -- Michigan
• Imported Dengue -- United States, 1988
• State Tobacco-Use Prevention and Control Plans

February 23, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 07

• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention Alzheimer Disease -- California, 1985-1987
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak Associated with a Grocery Store Mist Machine -- Louisiana, 1989
• Current Trends Estimates of HIV Prevalence and Projected AIDS Cases: Summary of a Workshop, October 31-November 1, 1989
• Occupational Disease Surveillance: Occupational Asthma

February 16, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 06

• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Clinical Spectrum of Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome -- California
• Transmission of Plasmodium vivax Malaria -- San Diego County, California, 1988 and 1989
• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention Prevalence of Arthritic Conditions -- United States, 1987
• Third International Conference on Nosocomial Infections

February 9, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 05

• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Herpes Gladiatorum at a High School Wrestling Camp -- Minnesota
• Pneumococcal Endophthalmitis after Ocular Surgery -- Alaska, California
• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention Anemia during Pregnancy in Low-Income Women -- United States, 1987
• Current Trends Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- United States, 1989

February 2, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 04

• Health Objectives for the Nation Progress Toward Achieving the 1990 Objectives for the Nation for Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Current Trends Pertussis Surveillance -- United States, 1986-1988

January 26, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 03

• Current Trends Tetanus -- United States, 1987 and 1988
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Surveillance of Shelters after Hurricane Hugo -- Puerto Rico
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corneal Infection Related to Mascara Applicator Trauma -- Georgia
• Aspergillus Endophthalmitis in Intravenous-Drug Users -- Kentucky
• Update: Influenza Activity -- United States, 1989-90

January 19, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 02

• Progress in Chronic Disease Prevention Chronic Disease Reports: Deaths from Nine Chronic Diseases -- United States, 1986
• Current Trends Years of Potential Life Lost Before Ages 65 and 85 -- United States, 1987 and 1988
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Update: Ebola-Related Filovirus Infection in Nonhuman Primates and Interim Guidelines for Handling Nonhuman Primates during Transit and Quarantine
• Current Trends Increase in National Hospital Discharge Survey Rates for Septicemia -- United States, 1979-1987
• Notices to Readers MMWR Serial Publications, Vol. 38, 1989
• International Track of the Epidemic Intelligence Service Course
• International Course in Surveillance and Applied Epidemiology for HIV and AIDS
• Training Course for Hospital Epidemiologists

January 12, 1990 / Vol. 39 / No. 01

• Current Trends Repeat Injuries in an Inner City Population --Philadelphia, 1987-1988
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Bacteremia -- Colorado, 1989
• Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis Among U.S. Air Force Trainees -- Texas, 1988-89
• International Notes Epidemic Meningococcal Disease -- Kenya and Tanzania: Recommendations for Travelers, 1990
• Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Update: Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome Associated with Ingestion of L-Tryptophan -- United States, as of January 9,1990
• Epidemiology in Action Course
• Nonpublication of MMWR on December 29, 1989