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        Smallpox
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    About Signs and Symptoms How It Spreads Vaccine Treatment Bioterrorism Research Summary View All
October 22, 2024
  About Smallpox
          Key points
            * Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by the variola virus.
            * Smallpox has been eradicated, with no cases occurring since 1977.
            * The disease caused rashes and could spread through coughing and sneezing.
            * Smallpox no longer occurs naturally, but it is possible that variola virus could be used in a biological attack. Although unlikely, public health authorities prepare for the possibility of smallpox being used as a weapon.
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        Overview
        Before smallpox was eradicated, it was a serious infectious disease caused by the variola virus. It was contagious—meaning, it spread from one person to another. People who had smallpox had a fever and a distinctive, progressive skin rash.
        Most people with smallpox recovered, but about 3 out of every 10 people with the disease died. Many smallpox survivors have permanent scars over large areas of their body, especially their faces. Some are left blind.
        Thanks to the success of vaccination, smallpox was eradicated, and no cases of naturally occurring smallpox have happened since 1977. The last natural outbreak of smallpox in the United States occurred in 1949. The World Health Assembly declared smallpox eradicated in 1980.
          Keep Reading: History of Smallpox
        Signs and symptoms
        A person with smallpox goes through several stages as the disease progresses, including rash and scabs.
          Keep Reading: Signs and Symptoms of Smallpox
        How it spreads
        Before smallpox was eradicated, it was mainly spread by direct and fairly prolonged face-to-face contact between people.
          Keep Reading: How Smallpox Spreads
        Prevention
        There are vaccines to protect people from smallpox. Currently, smallpox vaccines are not recommended for the general public because smallpox has been eradicated. If there were a smallpox outbreak, health officials would use smallpox vaccines to control it.
          Keep Reading: Smallpox Vaccine
        Treatment and recovery
        While some antiviral drugs may help treat smallpox disease, there is no treatment for smallpox that has been tested in people who are sick with the disease and proven effective.
          Keep Reading: Treatment of Smallpox
        Bioterrorism risk
        Although smallpox has been eradicated, it is possible that variola virus could be used in a biological attack. If there were a smallpox outbreak, health officials would use smallpox vaccines to control it.
          Keep Reading: Bioterrorism and Smallpox: The Threat
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  October 22, 2024
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    Smallpox
    Smallpox is a serious infectious disease caused by the variola virus. Vaccination led to the eradication of smallpox, with the last case seen in 1977.
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