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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
1. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
Benzene, nitro-
Related Pages
RTECS #
DA6475000
CAS #
98-95-3
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
123.12
Molecular Formula
C6H5NO2
Synonyms
Essence of mirbane
Essence of myrbane
Mirbane oil
NCI-C60082
Nitrobenzeen (Dutch)
Nitrobenzen (Polish)
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene (ACGIH:OSHA)
Nitrobenzol
Oil of mirbane
Oil of myrbane
RCRA waste number U169
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
Route/Organism Dose Effect Reference
eye /rabbit 500 mg/24H mild 85JCAE -,411,1986
skin /rabbit 500 mg/24H mild 85JCAE -,411,1986
Mutation Data and Reference
System Test Route/Organism/Tissue Dose Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis ovary/hamster 61.3 µmol/L MUREAV 608,28,2006
Cytogenetic Analysis intratracheal/hamster 61.3 µmol/L MUREAV 608,28,2006
DNA adduct intraperitoneal/mouse 0.1 µg/kg TOLED5 139,25,2003
DNA Damage kidney/rat 0.125 mmol/L/20H TXCYAC 204,187,2004
DNA Damage oral/rat 300 mg/kg TXCYAC 204,187,2004
DNA Damage kidney/human 0.062 mmol/L/20H TXCYAC 204,187,2004
micronucleus test kidney/human 0.25 mmol/L/48H TXCYAC 204,187,2004
micronucleus test ovary/hamster 0.01 µmol/L/18H ARTODN 78,49,2004
micronucleus test kidney/rat 0.125 mmol/L/48H TXCYAC 204,187,2004
micronucleus test oral/rat 300 mg/kg TXCYAC 204,187,2004
micronucleus test fibroblast/hamster 0.1 µmol/L NSAPCC 369(Suppl 1),R127,2004
mutation in microorganisms lung/hamster 200 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step) BLFSBY 39,359,1986
Reproductive Effects Data and References
Route/Organism Dose Effect Reference
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
inhalation/rat 5 ppm/6H (90D male) TOXID9 4,181,1984
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
inhalation/rat 1260 µg/m3/4H (1-21D pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death GTPZAB 31(4),48,1987
Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
inhalation/rat 40 ppm/6H (12W male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct FAATDF 8,493,1987
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands
inhalation/rabbit 41 ppm/6H (7-19D pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female TOXID9 6,93,1986
inhalation/rat 40 ppm (70D male/70D prior to copulation/22D pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) REPTED 28,196,2009
inhalation/rat 40 ppm (multigeneration) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system REPTED 28,196,2009
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
oral/rat 300 mg/kg (1D male) TXCYAC 53,219,1988
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
oral/rat 1260 mg/kg (21D male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct JTSCDR 20,15,1995
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)
oral/rat 3180 mg/kg (2W male/2W pre-3D after birth) JTSCDR 19,141,1994
Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)
oral/rat 5300 mg/kg (2W male/2W pre-3D after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects JTSCDR 19,141,1994
Tumorigenic Data and References
Route/Organism Dose Effect Reference
Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors FAATDF 22,328,1994
Skin and Appendages: Tumors
Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 25 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent FAATDF 22,328,1994
Liver: Tumors
Acute Toxicity Data and References
Route/Organism Dose Effect Reference
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2 gm/m3 GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988
Eye: Lacrimation
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 556 ppm/4H Behavioral: Tremor NTIS** 0TS0570970
Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis
Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)
intraperitoneal/guinea pig lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity RMSRA6 16,449,1896
Behavioral: Coma
Behavioral: General anesthetic
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 640 mg/kg Liver: Fatty liver degeneration AGGHAR 17,217,1959
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes
intravenous/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg XPHBAO 271,79,1941
oral/cat lowest published lethal dose: 1 gm/kg XPHBAO 271,78,1941
oral/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 750 mg/kg HBAMAK 4,1375,1935
oral/mammal (species unspecified) lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct TOLED5 139,1,2003
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 590 mg/kg GTPZAB 25(8),50,1981
oral/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 700 mg/kg PCOC** -,805,1966
Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 349 mg/kg NTIS** OTS0559505
Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
Cardiac: Cardiomyopathy including infarction
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 682 mg/kg Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above TOVEFN (1),24,2002
Cardiac: Other changes
Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 682 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases TOVEFN (1),24,2002
Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg REPTED 6,491,1992
Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
Liver: Liver function tests impaired
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 341 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition TOLED5 135,S132,2002
Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Peptidases
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) JTSCDR 25,41,2000
Behavioral: General anesthetic
oral/woman lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Vascular: Other changes ATXKA8 28,208,1971
Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation
skin/cat lowest published lethal dose: 25 gm/kg HBAMAK 4,1375,1935
Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
skin/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 480 mg/kg Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity XPHBAO 271,79,1941
Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
skin/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 600 mg/kg HBAMAK 4,1375,1935
skin/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2100 mg/kg GISAAA 24(9),15,1959
subcutaneous/guinea pig lowest published lethal dose: 800 mg/kg HBAMAK 4,1375,1935
Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
subcutaneous/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 286 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea PSEBAA 42,844,1939
Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
subcutaneous/rat lowest published lethal dose: 800 mg/kg HBAMAK 4,1375,1935
unreported route/man lowest published lethal dose: 35 mg/kg 85DCAI 2,73,1970
unreported route/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 460 mg/kg USXXAM #6127591
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
Route/Organism Dose Effect Reference
Endocrine: Other changes
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/6H/90D- intermittent Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia NTIS** 0TS0570697
Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above
Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 800 µg/m3/24H/73D- continuous Blood: Other changes GISAAA 29(8),5,1964
Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase
Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/6H/90D- intermittent Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia NTIS** 0TS0570697
Blood: Changes in spleen
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/70D- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight REPTED 28,196,2009
Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1400 mg/kg/14D- intermittent Blood: Changes in spleen DCTODJ 17,271,1994
Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified)
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/3D- intermittent Blood: Changes in spleen TOXID9 3,125,1983
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1960 mg/kg/49D- intermittent Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) JTSCDR 27,11,2002
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1080 mg/kg/18D- intermittent JTSCDR 29,217,2004
Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg/3D- intermittent Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) JTSCDR 29,217,2004
subcutaneous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg/10D- intermittent Blood: Other changes FATOAO 35,108,1972
Reviews
Organization Standard Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 65,381,1996
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 65,381,1996
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review:Group 2B IMEMDT 65,381,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW TOLED5 127,321,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MUREAV 567,227,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MUTAEX 20,389,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MUREAV 628,67,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ENTOX* -,236,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MUREAV 682,94,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MUTAEX 26,199,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MUREAV 763,36,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MUREAV 763,181,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW RTOPDW 61,251,2011
Standards and Regulations
Organization Standard Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* 3,183,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA MAK-TMW 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3);KZW 0.8 ppm (4 mg/m3), skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), skin, carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-EC time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (0.2 ppm), skin, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 1 ppm (5.1 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE VME 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), C3 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN Occupational Exposure Limit 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), skin, 2B carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), skin, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 2 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 3 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 10 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA time-weighted average 3 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 6 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 2 ppm (10 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND MAK-week 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), KZG-week 2 ppm (10 mg/m3), carc 3, skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 5 mg/m3, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
Organization Standard Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO NITROBENZENE-air 10H time-weighted average 1 ppm (Sk) NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 Hazard Code 50760; Number of Industries 10; Total Number of Facilities 654; Number of Occupations 12; Total Number of Employees Exposed 5080; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 474
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 Hazard Code 50760; Number of Industries 21; Total Number of Facilities 1022; Number of Occupations 24; Total Number of Employees Exposed 10578
Status in Federal Agencies
Organization Reference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/91/180398/AS)
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE FEREAC 47,26992,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0293-8703;8EHQ-0293-8723
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0293-8724;8EHQ-0892-9102
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9103
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Nitrobenzenes, 2005
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen
On EPA IRIS database
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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