RestoredCDC.org Comparison

    Original site: www.cdc.gov/niosh/work-hour-training-for-nurses/longhours/mod3/03.html | RestoredCDC.org is an independent project, not affiliated with CDC or any federal entity. Visit CDC.gov for free official information. Due to archival on January 6, 2025, recent outbreak data is unavailable. Videos are not restored. Access data.restoredcdc.org for restored data. Use of this site implies acceptance of this disclaimer.
    [More]
    About Us Report Bug Compare Content
  Skip directly to site content Skip directly to search
  Español | Other Languages
    Here's how you know
    An official website of the United States government Here's how you know
        The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
        The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
        Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
          Search
            Search Menu Navigation Menu
                × NIOSH
                  NIOSH All CDC
                Submit
    The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
      * Learning Objectives
      * About the Training Program
      * Foreword
      * Accreditation Statement
      * Part 1. The Risks and Why These Occur
              + BACK
                Part 1. The Risks and Why These Occur
          + Module 1. Introduction
                  o BACK
                    Module 1. Introduction
                  o BACK
                    Part 1. The Risks and Why These Occur Module 1. Introduction
              o Introduction (Continued)
              o Benefits
              o Benefits (Continued)
              o Benefits (Continued)
              o References
              o The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          + Module 2. How shift work and long work hours increase health and safety risks
                  o BACK
                    Module 2. How shift work and long work hours increase health and safety risks
                  o BACK
                    Part 1. The Risks and Why These Occur Module 2. How shift work and long work hours increase health and safety risks
              o Objectives (Continued)
              o Sleep is a Basic Need
              o Your Body is Busy During Sleep
              o Sleep and the Immune System
              o Sleep and the Immune System (Continued)
              o Impacts on Metabolism and Endocrine Function
              o How Much Sleep Do You Need?
              o Epworth Sleepiness Scale
              o Regulation of Sleep: A Simple, Two-Process Model
              o Sleep Pressure: Homeostatic Sleep Drive
              o Sleep Pressure: Homeostatic Sleep Drive (Continued)
              o Circadian Rhythms
              o Circadian Rhythms (Continued)
              o Circadian Rhythms That Promote Wakefulness
              o Synchronization of Homeostatic and Circadian Processes
              o Desynchronization of Homeostatic and Circadian Processes
              o Circadian Rhythms
              o Effects of Light on Circadian Rhythms
              o The Color of the Light Affects Circadian Rhythms
              o Afternoon Dip in Wakefulness
              o Be Alert for Key Factors that Promote Fatigue!
              o Be Aware of the Dangers of Sleepiness and Fatigue
              o Quiz
              o References
              o The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          + Module 3. Risks associated with shift work and long work hours
                  o BACK
                    Module 3. Risks associated with shift work and long work hours
                  o BACK
                    Part 1. The Risks and Why These Occur Module 3. Risks associated with shift work and long work hours
              o Negative Impacts on Sleep
              o Microsleeps
              o Functioning
              o Functioning (Continued)
              o Functioning (Continued)
              o Common and Critical Misconceptions and Individual Differences
              o Impairments due to sleep deprivation are similar to impairments due to alcohol intoxication!
              o Injuries/Errors
              o Injuries/Errors (Continued)
              o Injuries/Errors (Continued)
              o Injuries/Errors (Continued)
              o Injuries/Errors (Continued)
              o Health Behaviors
              o Diseases and Shift Work
              o Cardiovascular Disease
              o Gastrointestinal Disorders
              o Psychological Complaints
              o Cancer
              o Diabetes Mellitus
              o Reproductive Outcomes
              o Some people cannot seem to be able to adjust to shift work
              o Diseases and Long Hours
              o Musculoskeletal Disorders
              o Impacts on Families
              o Impacts on Employers
              o Quiz
              o References
              o The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          + Module 4. Individual differences
                  o BACK
                    Module 4. Individual differences
                  o BACK
                    Part 1. The Risks and Why These Occur Module 4. Individual differences
              o Sleep Differences
              o Larks/Owls
              o Age
              o Chronic Disorders
              o Chronic Disorders (Continued)
              o Work/Home Demands
              o Quiz
              o References
              o Part 1 Course Completion and Evaluation
              o The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          + The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
      * Part 2. Strategies to Reduce Risks
              + BACK
                Part 2. Strategies to Reduce Risks
          + Module 5. Work Organization Strategies to Promote Alertness and Health in Nurses
                  o BACK
                    Module 5. Work Organization Strategies to Promote Alertness and Health in Nurses
                  o BACK
                    Part 2. Strategies to Reduce Risks Module 5. Work Organization Strategies to Promote Alertness and Health in Nurses
              o Objectives (Continued)
              o Key Points
              o Improving Work Schedules
              o Researchers have proposed these guidelines for designing work schedules
              o Researchers have proposed these guidelines for designing work schedules: (Continued)
              o Extended Shifts
              o Extended Shifts (Continued)
              o Extended Shifts (Continued)
              o Rest Breaks
              o Planned Naps
              o Periodic Assessments
              o Organizational Improvements
              o Workload Level Analysis
              o Supervisor Support
              o Create a Positive Atmosphere
              o Fatigue Risk Management Systems
              o Liabilities and Responsibility
              o Quiz
              o References
              o The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          + Module 6. Improving Your Sleep and Alertness
                  o BACK
                    Module 6. Improving Your Sleep and Alertness
                  o BACK
                    Part 2. Strategies to Reduce Risks Module 6. Improving Your Sleep and Alertness
              o Create a Good Sleep Environment
              o Create a Good Sleep Environment (Continued)
              o Prepare for Sleep
              o Timing Sleep to Fit Your Work Schedule
              o Using light
              o Improve Sleep by Avoiding Light
              o Exercise
              o Sleep Aids and Stimulants
              o Sleep Aids and Stimulants (Continued)
              o Sleep Aids and Stimulants (Continued)
              o Sleep Aids and Stimulants (Continued)
              o Sleep Aids and Stimulants (Continued)
              o A Test Dose Might Be Helpful
              o Do You Have Symptoms of a Sleep Disorder?
              o Do You Have Symptoms of a Sleep Disorder? (Continued)
              o Do You Have Symptoms of a Sleep Disorder? (Continued)
              o Improve Other Sources of Sleepiness
              o Quiz
              o References
              o The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          + Module 7. Napping, an Important Fatigue Countermeasure
                  o BACK
                    Module 7. Napping, an Important Fatigue Countermeasure
                  o BACK
                    Part 2. Strategies to Reduce Risks Module 7. Napping, an Important Fatigue Countermeasure
              o Introduction
              o Sleep Inertia
              o Nap Times
              o Nap Duration
              o Before Nights
              o Naps at Work
              o Naps at Work (Continued)
              o Work Setting
              o Work Setting (Continued)
              o Work Setting (Continued)
              o Quiz
              o References
              o The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          + Module 8. Day Shift
                  o BACK
                    Module 8. Day Shift
                  o BACK
                    Part 2. Strategies to Reduce Risks Module 8. Day Shift
              o Day Shift Challenges
              o Using Light to Promote a Better Morning Wake-Up Time and Sleepiness in the Evening
              o Using Light to Promote a Better Morning Wake-Up Time and Sleepiness in the Evening (Continued)
              o To Increase Alertness
              o Planning Bedtime
              o Relaxation Techniques
              o Relaxation Techniques (Continued)
              o Relaxation Techniques (Continued)
              o Quiz
              o References
              o The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          + Module 9. Coping with the Night and Evening Shifts
                  o BACK
                    Module 9. Coping with the Night and Evening Shifts
                  o BACK
                    Part 2. Strategies to Reduce Risks Module 9. Coping with the Night and Evening Shifts
              o Nights Difficult
              o Light
              o Light (Continued)
              o Sleep
              o Sleep (Continued)
              o Evening Shift
              o Diet Suggestions for Night-Shift Nurses
              o Diet Suggestions for Night-Shift Nurses (Continued)
              o Diet Suggestions for Night-Shift Nurses (Continued)
              o Quiz
              o References
              o The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          + Module 10: Coping Strategies for Your Personal Life
                  o BACK
                    Module 10: Coping Strategies for Your Personal Life
                  o BACK
                    Part 2. Strategies to Reduce Risks Module 10: Coping Strategies for Your Personal Life
              o Family and Social Life
              o Educate Family and Friends
              o Tell your family and friends what they can do to help
              o Planning Suggestions
              o Maintain contact with family and friends
              o Communicate Schedule Information
              o Communicate times you need to sleep
              o Childcare
              o Suggestions for holidays and special occasions
              o Choose carefully where to live and work
              o Strategies to Cope with High Demands from Work and Home
              o Strategies to Cope with High Demands from Work and Home (Continued)
              o Strategies to Cope with High Demands from Work and Home (Continued)
              o Strategies to Cope with High Demands from Work and Home (Continued)
              o Strategies to Cope with High Demands from Work and Home (Continued)
              o Strategies to Cope with High Demands from Work and Home (Continued)
              o Quiz
              o References
              o The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          + Module 11. Driving
                  o BACK
                    Module 11. Driving
                  o BACK
                    Part 2. Strategies to Reduce Risks Module 11. Driving
              o Drowsy Driving
              o Warning Signs
              o Preventing Crashes
              o Preventing Crashes (Continued)
              o Quiz
              o References
              o The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          + Module 12. Action Steps and Final Comments
                  o BACK
                    Module 12. Action Steps and Final Comments
                  o BACK
                    Part 2. Strategies to Reduce Risks Module 12. Action Steps and Final Comments
              o Action Steps for Nurses on Shiftwork
              o Education
              o Plan for Work and Family Responsibilities
              o Get Regular Checkups and Take Care of Yourself
              o Action Steps for Nurse Managers
              o Action Steps for Nurse Managers (Continued)
              o Action Steps for Nurse Managers (Continued)
              o Final Comments
              o References, Authors & Acknowledgments
              o Congratulations! You have completed Part 2 of NIOSH Training for Nurses on Shift Work and Long Work Hours.
              o The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          + The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
      * Other Resources
      * The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
          The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Home
        NIOSH Training for Nurses on Shift Work and Long Work Hours
          Microsleeps
        Print
            Related Pages
              Negative Impacts on Sleep (Continued)
              Microsleeps
              The human brain can respond to sleep deprivation by reducing alertness and generating microsleeps – involuntary episodes of sleep lasting a few seconds.
              During microsleep, you may appear to be awake (eyes open), but your brain will not process information. Thus, lapses in attention occur.
                  A sleep-deprived person cannot control the onset of microsleeps and often is unaware that they are occurring.
              Microsleep is detectible on ambulatory electroencephalograms (EEGs) and is strongly correlated with automobile crashes.9 Therefore, its occurrence during critical activities, such as driving and carrying out nursing care, is dangerous.
                        PREVIOUS
                Module: 3, Page 3 of 28
                        NEXT
      Last Reviewed: March 31, 2020
        Source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
        * Facebook
        * Twitter
        * LinkedIn
        * Syndicate
      home NIOSH Training for Nurses on Shift Work and Long Work Hours
      * Learning Objectives
      * About the Training Program
      * Foreword
      * Accreditation Statement
      * Part 1. The Risks and Why These Occur plus icon
          + Module 1. Introduction plus icon
              o Introduction (Continued)
              o Benefits
              o Benefits (Continued)
              o Benefits (Continued)
              o References
          + Module 2. How shift work and long work hours increase health and safety risks plus icon
              o Objectives (Continued)
              o Sleep is a Basic Need
              o Your Body is Busy During Sleep
              o Sleep and the Immune System
              o Sleep and the Immune System (Continued)
              o Impacts on Metabolism and Endocrine Function
              o How Much Sleep Do You Need?
              o Epworth Sleepiness Scale
              o Regulation of Sleep: A Simple, Two-Process Model
              o Sleep Pressure: Homeostatic Sleep Drive
              o Sleep Pressure: Homeostatic Sleep Drive (Continued)
              o Circadian Rhythms
              o Circadian Rhythms (Continued)
              o Circadian Rhythms That Promote Wakefulness
              o Synchronization of Homeostatic and Circadian Processes
              o Desynchronization of Homeostatic and Circadian Processes
              o Circadian Rhythms
              o Effects of Light on Circadian Rhythms
              o The Color of the Light Affects Circadian Rhythms
              o Afternoon Dip in Wakefulness
              o Be Alert for Key Factors that Promote Fatigue!
              o Be Aware of the Dangers of Sleepiness and Fatigue
              o Quiz
              o References
          + Module 3. Risks associated with shift work and long work hours plus icon
              o Negative Impacts on Sleep
              o Microsleeps
              o Functioning
              o Functioning (Continued)
              o Functioning (Continued)
              o Common and Critical Misconceptions and Individual Differences
              o Impairments due to sleep deprivation are similar to impairments due to alcohol intoxication!
              o Injuries/Errors
              o Injuries/Errors (Continued)
              o Injuries/Errors (Continued)
              o Injuries/Errors (Continued)
              o Injuries/Errors (Continued)
              o Health Behaviors
              o Diseases and Shift Work
              o Cardiovascular Disease
              o Gastrointestinal Disorders
              o Psychological Complaints
              o Cancer
              o Diabetes Mellitus
              o Reproductive Outcomes
              o Some people cannot seem to be able to adjust to shift work
              o Diseases and Long Hours
              o Musculoskeletal Disorders
              o Impacts on Families
              o Impacts on Employers
              o Quiz
              o References
          + Module 4. Individual differences plus icon
              o Sleep Differences
              o Larks/Owls
              o Age
              o Chronic Disorders
              o Chronic Disorders (Continued)
              o Work/Home Demands
              o Quiz
              o References
              o Part 1 Course Completion and Evaluation
      * Part 2. Strategies to Reduce Risks plus icon
          + Module 5. Work Organization Strategies to Promote Alertness and Health in Nurses plus icon
              o Objectives (Continued)
              o Key Points
              o Improving Work Schedules
              o Researchers have proposed these guidelines for designing work schedules
              o Researchers have proposed these guidelines for designing work schedules: (Continued)
              o Extended Shifts
              o Extended Shifts (Continued)
              o Extended Shifts (Continued)
              o Rest Breaks
              o Planned Naps
              o Periodic Assessments
              o Organizational Improvements
              o Workload Level Analysis
              o Supervisor Support
              o Create a Positive Atmosphere
              o Fatigue Risk Management Systems
              o Liabilities and Responsibility
              o Quiz
              o References
          + Module 6. Improving Your Sleep and Alertness plus icon
              o Create a Good Sleep Environment
              o Create a Good Sleep Environment (Continued)
              o Prepare for Sleep
              o Timing Sleep to Fit Your Work Schedule
              o Using light
              o Improve Sleep by Avoiding Light
              o Exercise
              o Sleep Aids and Stimulants
              o Sleep Aids and Stimulants (Continued)
              o Sleep Aids and Stimulants (Continued)
              o Sleep Aids and Stimulants (Continued)
              o Sleep Aids and Stimulants (Continued)
              o A Test Dose Might Be Helpful
              o Do You Have Symptoms of a Sleep Disorder?
              o Do You Have Symptoms of a Sleep Disorder? (Continued)
              o Do You Have Symptoms of a Sleep Disorder? (Continued)
              o Improve Other Sources of Sleepiness
              o Quiz
              o References
          + Module 7. Napping, an Important Fatigue Countermeasure plus icon
              o Introduction
              o Sleep Inertia
              o Nap Times
              o Nap Duration
              o Before Nights
              o Naps at Work
              o Naps at Work (Continued)
              o Work Setting
              o Work Setting (Continued)
              o Work Setting (Continued)
              o Quiz
              o References
          + Module 8. Day Shift plus icon
              o Day Shift Challenges
              o Using Light to Promote a Better Morning Wake-Up Time and Sleepiness in the Evening
              o Using Light to Promote a Better Morning Wake-Up Time and Sleepiness in the Evening (Continued)
              o To Increase Alertness
              o Planning Bedtime
              o Relaxation Techniques
              o Relaxation Techniques (Continued)
              o Relaxation Techniques (Continued)
              o Quiz
              o References
          + Module 9. Coping with the Night and Evening Shifts plus icon
              o Nights Difficult
              o Light
              o Light (Continued)
              o Sleep
              o Sleep (Continued)
              o Evening Shift
              o Diet Suggestions for Night-Shift Nurses
              o Diet Suggestions for Night-Shift Nurses (Continued)
              o Diet Suggestions for Night-Shift Nurses (Continued)
              o Quiz
              o References
          + Module 10: Coping Strategies for Your Personal Life plus icon
              o Family and Social Life
              o Educate Family and Friends
              o Tell your family and friends what they can do to help
              o Planning Suggestions
              o Maintain contact with family and friends
              o Communicate Schedule Information
              o Communicate times you need to sleep
              o Childcare
              o Suggestions for holidays and special occasions
              o Choose carefully where to live and work
              o Strategies to Cope with High Demands from Work and Home
              o Strategies to Cope with High Demands from Work and Home (Continued)
              o Strategies to Cope with High Demands from Work and Home (Continued)
              o Strategies to Cope with High Demands from Work and Home (Continued)
              o Strategies to Cope with High Demands from Work and Home (Continued)
              o Strategies to Cope with High Demands from Work and Home (Continued)
              o Quiz
              o References
          + Module 11. Driving plus icon
              o Drowsy Driving
              o Warning Signs
              o Preventing Crashes
              o Preventing Crashes (Continued)
              o Quiz
              o References
          + Module 12. Action Steps and Final Comments plus icon
              o Action Steps for Nurses on Shiftwork
              o Education
              o Plan for Work and Family Responsibilities
              o Get Regular Checkups and Take Care of Yourself
              o Action Steps for Nurse Managers
              o Action Steps for Nurse Managers (Continued)
              o Action Steps for Nurse Managers (Continued)
              o Final Comments
              o References, Authors & Acknowledgments
              o Congratulations! You have completed Part 2 of NIOSH Training for Nurses on Shift Work and Long Work Hours.
      * Other Resources
            Follow NIOSH
              * Facebook
              * Pinterest
              * Twitter
              * YouTube
          NIOSH Homepage
            * Workplace Safety & Health Topics
            * Publications and Products
            * Programs
            * Contact NIOSH
              * About CDC
              * Contact Us
              * 800-232-4636
              Facebook Twitter Instagram LinkedIn Youtube Pinterest Snapchat
              Facebook Twitter Instagram LinkedIn Youtube Pinterest Snapchat RSS
          * CONTACT CDC
                    Contact Us
                    Call 800-232-4636
                    Email Us
          * ABOUT CDC
                  + About CDC
                  + Jobs
                  + Funding
          * POLICIES
                  + Accessibility
                  + External Links
                  + Privacy
                  + Policies
                  + Web Policies
                  + No Fear Act
                  + FOIA
                  + OIG
                  + No Fear Act
                  + Nondiscrimination
                  + Vulnerability Disclosure Policy
                  + CDC Archive
                  + Public Health Publications
                  + HHS.gov
                  + USA.gov
          * CONNECT WITH US
                    + Facebook
                    + Twitter
                    + Instagram
                    + LinkedIn
                    + Youtube
                    + Pinterest
                    + Snapchat
                    + Email
          * LANGUAGES
                  + Español
                  + 繁體中文
                  + Tiếng Việt
                  + 한국어
                  + Tagalog
                  + Русский
                  + العربية
                  + Kreyòl Ayisyen
                  + Français
                  + Polski
                  + Português
                  + Italiano
                  + Deutsch
                  + 日本語
                  + فارسی
                  + English
          * U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
          * Accessibility
          * External Links
          * Privacy
          * Policies
          * Web Policies
          * FOIA
          * OIG
          * No Fear Act
          * FOIA
          * Nondiscrimination
          * OIG
          * Vulnerability Disclosure Policy
          * CDC Archive
          * Public Health Publications
          * HHS.gov
          * USA.gov
        Content Credential
        ×
        This image was edited or created using GenAI (generative artificial intelligence).
        Our experts review all images in an effort to ensure accuracy and quality before use.
        Learn more about CDC's usage of GenAI.