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        National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
        National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Lead in the Workplace
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      Lead in the Workplace
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  NIOSH Lead
April 11, 2024
  Lead in the Workplace
  About Lead in the Workplace
          Key points
            * You can be exposed to lead while at work by breathing it in, swallowing it, or absorbing it through your skin.
            * Exposure to lead can cause health problems.
            * You can bring home lead on your clothes and other items, which puts your family at risk.
        Why it's an issue
        Lead is a metal that is most commonly used in construction, mining, and manufacturing.
        If you work near lead-containing products or materials, you may not know you are being exposed. Exposure to lead can cause health problems.
          The remnants of lead paint continue to be a major environmental and public health problem.
          Did you know?‎
          Did you know?
              Though banned in 1978, remnants of lead paint are still found on commercial and residential structures. Learn more about the history of lead use in the United States.
        Health effects
        The health effects of lead are the same whether lead particles are breathed-in, swallowed, or absorbed through your skin.
          Did you know?‎
          Did you know?
              No safe level of lead has been identified.‎
        In adults, exposure to high levels of lead may cause:
          * Anemia
          * Kidney and brain damage
          * Infertility in both men and women
          * Death
        Other health effects of lead exposure
        Cancer
        Many believe that lead can cause cancer.123
        Nerve damage
        Lead can impact nerve function in your body.
        Hearing damage
        Lead exposure has been found to impact the hearing system. Some scientists think exposures to lead AND noise together can damage hearing to an even greater degree than hearing loss caused by loud noise exposures alone.
        Heart disease4
        Research shows the risk of dying from heart diseases, such as heart attack or stroke, is 2 to 5 times higher among people with higher blood lead levels. This relative risk is the same or higher than the risk of heart disease death associated with smoking, elevated cholesterol, and hypertension.5
        High risk populations
        If you work near lead, you can bring home lead dust on your clothes, shoes, and hair, among other things. This puts your family at risk.
        Pregnant people
        Pregnant women
        If you are exposed to lead when pregnant, you may also expose your unborn child. This is because lead can cross the placental barrier. Lead can damage a developing baby's nervous system6. It can also cause miscarriage and stillbirths.78
          Keep Reading: About Lead and Other Heavy Metals and Reproductive Health
        Children
        Lead poisoning has happened in children whose parents accidentally brought home lead dust on their work clothes and other personal items.
        Children tend to show signs of severe lead toxicity at lower exposure levels than adults. However, most children with lead in their blood have no obvious symptoms.
        A blood test is the easiest way to determine if a child has been exposed to lead. Talk to your child's healthcare provider about getting a blood lead test.
          Keep Reading: Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention and Your Health
        Lead is stored and released
        Your body does not need lead to survive, but your body still stores it. Lead can be found in your blood and other tissues, but 90% is stored in your bones.
        As you age, your bones often weaken and become less dense. Aging often moves minerals out of bone and into other areas of your body. Lead stored in your bone, sometimes for decades, may then be released into your blood. If this happens, lead can reach and possibly harm other organ systems in your body.
        Many women undergoing menopause experience these changes. Post-menopausal women have been found to have higher blood lead levels (BLLs) than pre-menopausal women.910
        On This Page
            * Why it's an issue
            * Health effects
            * High risk populations
            * Lead is stored and released
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    Symptoms
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  April 11, 2024
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          Content Source:
        National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
        References
         1. https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxProfiles/ToxProfiles.aspx?id=96&tid=22
         2. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicallanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=277
         3. https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Inorganic-And-Organic-Lead-Compounds-2006
         4. Low-level lead exposure and mortality in US adults: a population-based cohort study - PubMed (nih.gov)
         5. ACOEM Position Statement: Workplace Health and Safety Necess... : Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (lww.com)
         6. Lead Exposure Symptoms and Complications | Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention | CDC
         7. Guidelines for the identification and management of lead exposure in pregnant women (cdc.gov)
         8. Fetal Death and Reduced Birth Rates Associated with Exposure to Lead-Contaminated Drinking Water | Environmental Science & Technology (acs.org)
         9. Menopause and lead body burden among US women aged 45–55, NHANES 1999–2010 - ScienceDirect
        10. ATSDR Lead Tox Profile (cdc.gov)
      Related PagesSymptoms
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    NIOSH
    The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 established NIOSH as a research agency focused on the study of worker safety and health, and empowering employers and workers to create safe and healthy workplaces.
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