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        Tetranitromethane
          Tetranitromethane
        Print
          May 1994
          Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
        CAS number: 509–14–8
        NIOSH REL: 1 ppm (8 mg/m3) TWA
        Current OSHA PEL: 1 ppm (8 mg/m3) TWA
        1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL
        1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 0.005 ppm (0.04 mg/m3) TWA, A2
        Description of substance: Colorless to pale-yellow liquid or solid (below 57°F) with a pungent odor.
        LEL :. . Unknown
        Original (SCP) IDLH: 5 ppm
        Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by AIHA [1964] that concentrations above 5 ppm may cause irreversible lung and systemic damage [Koelsch 1917]. Patty [1963] reported that a cat exposed to 10 ppm for 20 minutes died within 10 days [Flury and Zernik 1931], and 5 cats exposed to 7 to 25 ppm for periods ranging from 2.5 to 5 hours died within 1 to 5.5 hours [Sievers et al. 1947].
        Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed
        ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
        Lethal concentration data:
            Species  Reference            LC50(ppm)  LCLo(ppm)  Time    Adjusted 0.5-hrLC (CF)  Derived value
            Rat      Horn 1953            LC65: 33   —–         6.5 hr  78 ppm (2.35)           7.8 ppm      
            Rat      Kinkead et al. 1977  18         —–         4 hr    36 ppm (2.0)            3.6 ppm      
            Cat      Marhold 1986         100        —–         20 min  87 ppm (0.87)           8.9 ppm      
            Mouse    USAF 1977            54         —–         4 hr    108 ppm (2.0)           11 ppm       
          Other animal data: Cats exposed to 10 ppm for 20 min died within ten days [Flury and Zernik 1931]. It has been reported that cats exposed to 7 to 25 ppm for periods ranging from 2.5 to 5 hours died within 1 to 5.5 hours [Sievers et al. 1947].
          Human data: It has been stated that concentrations above 5 ppm may cause irreversible lung and systemic damage [Koelsch 1917].
            Revised IDLH: 4 ppmBasis for revised IDLH: Based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Koelsch 1917] and animals [Horn 1953; Kinkead et al. 1977], the revised IDLH for tetranitromethane is 4 ppm.
            REFERENCES:
            1. AIHA [1964]. Tetranitromethane. In: Hygienic guide series. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 25:513-515.
            2. Flury F, Zernik F [1931]. Schädliche gase dämpfe, nebel, rauch- und staubarten. Berlin, Germany: Verlag von Julius Springer, p. 417 (in German).
            3. Horn HJ [1953]. Chemical Corps Medical Laboratories Contract Report No. 20.
            4. Kinkead ER, MacEwen JD, Haun CC, Vernot EH, Dacre JC [1977]. Toxic hazards evaluation of five atmospheric pollutants from Army ammunition plants. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH: Air Force Systems Command, Aerospace Medical Division, Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Technical Report AMRL-TR-77-25.
            5. Koelsch F [1917]. Die giftwirkung des tetranitromethane. Gewerbehygiene 5:185 (in German). [From AIHA [1964]. Tetranitromethane. In: Hygienic guide series. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 25:513-515.]
            6. Marhold J [1986]. Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie, Organicke Latky. Prague, Czechoslovakia: Avicenum, p. 403 (in Czechoslovakian).
            7. Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., p. 2075.
            8. Sievers RF, Rushing E, Gay H, Monaco AR [1947]. Toxic effects of tetranitromethane, a contaminant in crude TNT. Public Health Rep 62:1054-1058.
            9. USAF [1977]. Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on environmental toxicology. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH: Air Force Systems Command, Aerospace Medical Division, Aerospace Medical Research Technical Report, AMRL-TR-77-97.
          Last Reviewed: December 4, 2014
            Source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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