Comparison timestamp: 2025-05-06 10:06:39 UTC
RestoredCDC URL: http://restoredcdc.org/www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6548a1.htm
Live cdc.gov URL ↗: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6548a1.htm
RestoredCDC URL: http://restoredcdc.org/www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6548a1.htm
Live cdc.gov URL ↗: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6548a1.htm
Removed: Line removed from cdc.gov. Specific word removals are highlighted.
Added: Line added to cdc.gov. Specific word additions are highlighted.
Injected:
Line or disclaimer added by RestoredCDC.org.
Unchanged: Line unchanged.
Original site: www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6548a1.htm | RestoredCDC.org is an independent project, not affiliated with CDC or any federal entity. Visit CDC.gov for free official information. Due to archival on January 6, 2025, recent outbreak data is unavailable. Videos are not restored. Access data.restoredcdc.org for restored data. Use of this site implies acceptance of this disclaimer.[More]About Us Report Bug Compare ContentSkip directly to searchEspañol | Other LanguagesHere's how you knowAn official website of the United States government Here's how you knowMorbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)SearchSearch Menu Navigation MenuSubmitMorbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)* MMWR* Reports by Topic* Publications+ BACKPublications+ Weekly Reporto BACKWeekly Reporto BACKPublications Weekly Reporto Past Volumes (1982-2023)o Past Volumes (1982-2024)o Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Home+ Recommendations and Reportso BACKRecommendations and Reportso BACKPublications Recommendations and Reportso Past Volumes (1990-2022)o Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Home+ Surveillance Summarieso BACKSurveillance Summarieso BACKPublications Surveillance Summarieso Past Volumes (1983-2023)o Past Volumes (1983-2024)o Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Home+ Supplementso BACKSupplementso BACKPublications Supplementso Past Volumes (1985-2023)o Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Home+ Archive (1952-1981)+ Notifiable Infectious Diseases+ Notifiable Noninfectious Conditions+ Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Home* Vital Signs* Visual Abstracts* Podcasts* Continuing Education* MMWR Clinical Pearls* Metrics* For Authors* About+ BACKAbout+ Staff+ Editorial Board+ Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Home* Subscribe+ BACKSubscribe+ RSS Feed+ Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Home* Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) HomeMorbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) HomeConsumption of Combustible and Smokeless Tobacco — United States, 2000–2015Weekly / December 9, 2016 / 65(48);1357–1363Related PagesTeresa W. Wang, PhD1,2; Brandon Kenemer, MPH1; Michael A. Tynan1; Tushar Singh, MD, PhD1,2; Brian King, PhD1 (View author affiliations)View suggested citationSummaryWhat is already known about this topic?Combustible and smokeless tobacco use causes adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and multiple types of cancer. Cigarette consumption in the United States has declined overall since the 1960s, but consumption of other tobacco products has not.What is added by this report?During 2000–2015, total combustible tobacco consumption decreased 33.5%. Although total cigarette consumption decreased 38.7%, cigarettes remained the most commonly used combustible tobacco product. Notably, total cigarette consumption was 267.0 billion cigarettes in 2015 compared with 262.7 billion in 2014, or seven more cigarettes per capita. Consumption of noncigarette combustible tobacco (cigars, roll-your-own, pipe tobacco) increased 117.1%, or 83.8% per capita, during 2000–2015. For smokeless tobacco, total consumption increased 23.1%, or 4.2% per capita.What are the implications for public health practice?These changes in tobacco consumption demonstrate the importance of sustained tobacco prevention and control interventions, including price increases, comprehensive smoke-free policies, aggressive media campaigns, and increased access to cessation services. The implementation of evidence-based strategies addressing the diversity of tobacco products consumed in the United States can reduce tobacco-related disease and death.Article MetricsAltmetric:Citations: 45See more detailsViews: 1,279Blogs (1)X (22)Facebook (5)Wikipedia (2)Mendeley (63)Citations: 47Views: 3,257Views equals page views plus PDF downloadsMetric DetailsFiguresFigure 1Figure 2TablePodcast: Smoke Out* Podcast: Smoke Out (A Minute of Health)* Podcast: Smoke Out (A Cup of Health)Combustible and smokeless tobacco use causes adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and multiple types of cancer (1,2). Standard approaches for measuring tobacco use include self-reported surveys of use and consumption estimates based on tobacco excise tax data (3,4). To provide the most recently available tobacco consumption estimates in the United States, CDC used federal excise tax data to estimate total and per capita consumption during 2000–2015 for combustible tobacco (cigarettes, roll-your-own tobacco, pipe tobacco, small cigars, and large cigars) and smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco and dry snuff). During this period, total combustible tobacco consumption decreased 33.5%, or 43.7% per capita. Although total cigarette consumption decreased 38.7%, cigarettes remained the most commonly used combustible tobacco product. Total noncigarette combustible tobacco (i.e., cigars, roll-your-own, and pipe tobacco) consumption increased 117.1%, or 83.8% per capita during 2000–2015. Total consumption of smokeless tobacco increased 23.1%, or 4.2% per capita. Notably, total cigarette consumption was 267.0 billion cigarettes in 2015 compared with 262.7 billion in 2014. These findings indicate that although cigarette smoking declined overall during 2000–2015, and each year from 2000 to 2014, the number of cigarettes consumed in 2015 was higher than in 2014, and the first time annual cigarette consumption was higher than the previous year since 1973. Moreover, the consumption of other combustible and smokeless tobacco products remains substantial. Implementation of proven tobacco prevention interventions (5) is warranted to further reduce tobacco use in the United States.Publicly available federal excise tax data from the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau were analyzed for 2000–2015; these data included information on products taxed domestically and imported into the United States (6). Using monthly tax data, per unit (e.g., per cigarette or per cigar) consumption for each combustible product was assessed. To enable comparisons between cigarettes, cigars (small and large), and loose tobacco (roll-your-own and pipe tobacco), data were converted from pounds of tobacco to a per cigarette equivalent using established methods (4).* Smokeless tobacco (i.e., chew and dry snuff) data were reported in pounds. Adult per capita tobacco consumption was estimated by dividing total consumption by the number of U.S. persons aged ≥18 years using Census Bureau data.† Relative percent change was calculated across years. Joinpoint regression was performed to determine statistically significant trends during 2000–2015.During 2000–2015, total consumption of all combustible tobacco products decreased 33.5% from 450.7 to 299.9 billion cigarette equivalents (p<0.05), a per capita decrease of 43.7% from 2,148 to 1,211 cigarette equivalents (p<0.05) (Table). The proportion of total combustible tobacco consumption composed of loose tobacco and cigars increased from 3.4% to 11.0% (p<0.05).During 2000–2015, total cigarette consumption decreased 38.7% from 435.6 billion to 267.0 billion cigarettes (p<0.05) (Table), a per capita decrease of 48.1% from 2,076 to 1,078 cigarettes (p<0.05) (Figure 1). Total cigarette consumption was 267.0 billion cigarettes in 2015 compared with 262.7 billion in 2014, or seven more cigarettes per capita. In 2015, cigarettes accounted for 89% of total combustible tobacco consumption.During 2000–2015, total roll-your-own tobacco consumption decreased 70.0% (p<0.05), whereas total pipe tobacco consumption increased 556.4% (p<0.05) (Table). The largest changes occurred during 2008–2011, when roll-your-own consumption decreased from 10.7 billion to 2.6 billion cigarette equivalents (75.7% decrease, p<0.05), while pipe tobacco consumption increased from 2.6 billion to 17.5 billion cigarette equivalents (573.1% increase; p<0.05).During 2000–2015, total small cigar§ consumption decreased 75.6% (p<0.05), or 79.3% per capita (p<0.05). However, large cigar consumption increased 179.6% (p<0.05), or 136.8% per capita (p<0.05) (Table) (Figure 2). Large and small cigar consumption diverged in 2008; large cigar consumption increased during 2008–2011 (p<0.05), whereas small cigar consumption decreased during 2008–2015 (p<0.05).During 2000–2015, total smokeless tobacco consumption increased 23.1% (p<0.05), or 4.2% per capita (Table) (Figure 1). However, chewing tobacco and snuff consumption patterns diverged; total chewing tobacco consumption decreased 55.8% from 45.6 to 20.2 billion pounds (from 20.7 to 9.2 billion kilograms) (p<0.05), whereas total snuff consumption increased 77.5% from 66.2 to 117.4 billion pounds (from 30.0 to 53.3 billion kilograms) (p<0.05).TopDiscussionDuring 2000–2015, combustible tobacco consumption declined overall, and total and per capita cigarette consumption declined each year during 2000–2014. However, during 2015, the number of cigarettes consumed was higher than during 2014, the first time annual cigarette consumption was higher than the previous year since 1973. Because cigarettes remained the most commonly used combustible tobacco product, this offset decreases in pipe tobacco and cigar consumption, slightly increasing total combustible tobacco consumption in 2015 relative to 2014. Furthermore, total smokeless tobacco consumption increased during 2000–2015, in part because of the steady increase in snuff consumption. Sustained implementation of proven tobacco prevention and control strategies is critical to reduce the use of tobacco product consumption in the United States.The reason for higher cigarette consumption in 2015 compared with 2014 is uncertain. It might be attributable, in part, to changing U.S. economic conditions; increased electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use; or dual use of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes, which could contribute to continued consumption among smokers who do not quit smoking completely (1,7). Continued monitoring is needed to evaluate the presence of a long-term trend. Research is warranted to assess how gross domestic product, unemployment, and other economic indicators might affect cigarette consumption, cessation, and initiation. Further research on the affect of e-cigarette use on patterns of conventional cigarette smoking, including consumption and dual use, could also help inform public health policy, planning, and practice.Smokeless tobacco consumption has modestly increased during 2000–2015. These data provide insight into the diverging pattern of smokeless tobacco product consumption; during 2000–2015, the decline in chewing tobacco consumption was offset by a steady increase in snuff consumption. This increase might be attributable to advertising and promotion of these products. In 2013, tobacco companies spent $410.9 million promoting moist snuff, compared with $11.8 million for loose leaf chewing tobacco, $234,000 for plug/twist chewing tobacco, $485,000 for scotch/dry snuff, and $51.2 million for snus.¶ These findings underscore the importance of sustained efforts to monitor and reduce all forms of smokeless tobacco product use in the United States.Recent changes in consumption patterns, particularly in large cigar and pipe tobacco use, have continued through 2015. Previous studies show that the tobacco industry adapted the marketing of roll-your-own products and designed cigars to minimize the burden of the federal excise tax, and thus, reduced these tobacco products’ cost to the consumer (8–10). Because of these changes, roll-your-own tobacco was labeled and sold as lower-taxed pipe tobacco, and cigarette-like cigars were classified as lower-taxed large cigars (8,10). However, although consumption of pipe tobacco and cigars increased dramatically during 2009–2011, those product categories declined in recent years. There have been federal and state efforts to address product-switching tax avoidance activities (9,10). For example, a federal law** requires retailers to register as cigarette manufacturers if they offer consumers use of cigarette rolling machines (10). States have also taken steps to classify such retailers as manufacturers (9). Further evaluation and monitoring of these and other tax avoidance strategies could be beneficial at the state and national level, including monitoring any changes in consumption patterns that might emerge as tobacco product regulatory actions are implemented at the federal level.††The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. First, the measure for cigarette and combustible tobacco consumption does not account for illicit cigarette sales, such as those smuggled into or out of the country, or for untaxed cigarettes that are produced or sold on American Indian sovereign lands. Currently, no method exists for measuring or estimating illicit or untaxed tobacco trade in the United States. Second, it was not possible to assess consumption of other tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, hookah, or dissolvable tobacco, because federal taxes are not reported for those products. Third, sales data do not provide information on consumer demographics (e.g., age). Finally, sales data might not reflect actual consumption, because all purchased products might not be used by the consumer because of loss, damage, or tobacco cessation.The overall decline in cigarette consumption is a pattern that has persisted in the United States since the 1960s (1). However, notable shifts have occurred in the tobacco product landscape in recent years, including an upward trend in consumption during 2014–2015. Smokeless tobacco consumption also increased steadily during 2000–2015. These changes in overall tobacco consumption demonstrate the importance of sustained tobacco prevention and control interventions, including price increases, comprehensive smoke-free policies, aggressive media campaigns, and increased access to cessation services (5). To further reduce tobacco product appeal and access, emerging strategies, such as prohibiting the sale of flavored tobacco products or increasing the legal age of tobacco purchase to 21 years, might also be beneficial.§§ The implementation of evidence-based strategies addressing the diversity of tobacco products consumed in the United States can reduce tobacco-related disease and death.TopCorresponding author: Michael A. Tynan, mtynan@cdc.gov, 404-498-1202.Top1Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC; 2Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC.Top* 0.0325 oz (0.9 g) = one cigarette. The conversion of 0.0325 oz (0.9 g) = one cigarette was cited in the 1998 Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (http://ag.ca.gov/tobacco/pdf/1msa.pdf).† https://www.census.gov/popest/data/national/asrh/2015/index.html.§ In 26 USC 5701, small cigars are defined as cigars that weigh ≥3 pounds (1.36 kg) per 1,000 cigars, and large cigars are defined as cigars that weigh >3 pounds per 1,000.¶ Federal Trade Commission Smokeless Tobacco Report for 2013. https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/reports/federal-trade-commission-smokeless-tobacco-report-2013/2013tobaccorpt.pdf.** Congress. Pub. L. No. 112-141, 2012. Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 (MAP-21). http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112hr4348enr/pdf/BILLS-112hr4348enr.pdf.†† On May 5, 2016, the Food and Drug Administration finalized a rule extending its authority to all tobacco products, including cigars and pipe tobacco. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/05/10/2016-10685/deeming-tobacco-products-to-be-subject-to-the-federal-food-drug-and-cosmetic-act-as-amended-by-the.§§ Some communities, including New York City, New York, Chicago, Illinois, and Providence, Rhode Island, have prohibited the sale of flavored tobacco products. Furthermore, California, Hawaii and at least 200 communities have raised the legal age for purchasing tobacco to 21 years. More information can be found at Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids. http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/content/what_we_do/state_local_issues/sales_21/states_localities_MLSA_21.pdf.TopReferences1. US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2014. http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/50-years-of-progress/full-report.pdf2. World Health Organization. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Volume 89: smokeless tobacco and some tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2007. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol89/mono89.pdf3. Hatziandreu EJ, Pierce JP, Fiore MC, Grise V, Novotny TE, Davis RM. The reliability of self-reported cigarette consumption in the United States. Am J Public Health 1989;79:1020–3. CrossRef PubMed4. CDC. Consumption of cigarettes and combustible tobacco—United States, 2000–2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012;61:565–9. PubMed5. CDC. Best practices for comprehensive tobacco control programs—2014. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/stateandcommunity/best_practices/index.htm6. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. Tobacco statistics. Washington, DC: US Department of Treasury, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau; 2016. http://www.ttb.gov/tobacco/tobacco-stats.shtml7. King BA, Patel R, Nguyen KH, Dube SR. Trends in awareness and use of electronic cigarettes among US adults, 2010–2013. Nicotine Tob Res 2015;17:219–27. CrossRef PubMed8. Government Accountability Office. Tobacco taxes: large disparities in rates for smoking products trigger significant market shifts to avoid higher taxes. Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office; 2012. http://www.gao.gov/products/gao-12-4759. Morris DS, Tynan MA. Fiscal and policy implications of selling pipe tobacco for roll-your-own cigarettes in the United States. PLoS One 2012;7:e36487. CrossRef PubMed10. Tynan MA, Morris D, Weston T. Continued implications of taxing roll-your-own tobacco as pipe tobacco in the USA. Tob Control 2015;24:e125–7. CrossRef PubMedTopTABLE. Total and per capita* consumption of cigarettes, all combustible tobacco, noncigarette combustible tobacco, and smokeless tobacco products — United States, 2000–2015Year Cigarettes All combustible tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, and loose tobacco [cigarette equivalents]) Noncigarette combustible tobacco (cigars and loose tobacco [cigarette equivalents])Total (millions) % change Per capita % change Total (millions) % change Per capita % change Total (millions) % change Per capita % change2000 435,570 — 2,076 — 450,725 — 2,148 — 15,155 — 72 —2001 426,720 -2.0 2,010 -3.2 440,693 -2.2 2,075 -3.4 13,973 -7.8 66 -8.92002 415,724 -2.6 1,936 -3.7 430,763 -2.3 2,006 -3.4 15,040 7.6 70 6.42003 400,327 -3.7 1,844 -4.7 415,930 -3.4 1,916 -4.5 15,603 3.8 72 2.62004 397,655 -0.7 1,811 -1.8 414,421 -0.4 1,888 -1.5 16,766 7.5 76 6.22005 381,098 -4.2 1,717 -5.2 401,187 -3.2 1,807 -4.3 20,089 19.8 90 18.52006 380,594 -0.1 1,695 -1.3 401,241 0.01 1,787 -1.1 20,648 2.8 92 1.62007 361,590 -5.0 1,591 -6.1 384,087 -4.3 1,690 -5.4 22,497 9.0 99 7.72008 346,419 -4.2 1,507 -5.3 371,264 -3.3 1,615 -4.5 24,845 10.4 108 9.12009 317,736 -8.3 1,367 -9.3 342,124 -7.9 1,472 -8.9 24,388 -1.8 105 -2.92010 300,451 -5.4 1,278 -6.5 329,239 -3.8 1,400 -4.9 28,788 18.0 122 16.72011 292,769 -2.6 1,232 -3.6 326,577 -0.8 1,374 -1.9 33,808 17.4 142 16.22012 287,187 -1.9 1,196 -2.9 322,396 -1.3 1,342 -2.3 35,209 4.1 147 3.02013 273,785 -4.7 1,129 -5.6 309,641 -4 1,277 -4.9 35,856 1.8 148 0.82014 262,681 -4.1 1,071 -5.1 298,196 -3.7 1,216 -4.8 35,515 -1.0 145 -2.12015 267,043 1.7 1,078 0.6 299,938 0.6 1,211 -0.4 32,894 -7.4 133 -8.3% change, 2000–2015 — -38.7† — -48.1† — -33.5† — -43.7† — 117.1† — 83.8†Year Total cigars (small cigars and large cigars [cigarette equivalents]) Small cigars (cigarette equivalents) Large cigars (cigarette equivalents)Total (millions) % change Per capita % change Total (millions) % change Per capita % change Total (millions) % change Per capita % change2000 6,161 — 29 — 2,279 — 11 — 3,882 — 19 —2001 6,344 3.0 30 1.7 2,239 -1.8 11 -2.9 4,105 5.7 19 4.52002 6,546 3.2 31 3.8 2,343 4.6 11 3.5 4,203 2.4 20 1.32003 7,007 7.0 32 4.1 2,474 5.6 11 4.50 4,533 7.9 21 6.72004 7,852 12.1 36 10.8 2,917 17.9 13 16.6 4,935 8.9 22 7.62005 9,052 15.3 41 14.0 3,968 36.0 18 34.5 5,084 3.0 23 1.92006 9,733 7.5 43 6.3 4,434 11.7 20 10.4 5,299 4.2 24 3.02007 10,708 10.0 47 8.7 5,161 16.4 23 15.0 5,548 4.7 24 3.52008 11,538 7.7 50 6.5 5,881 14.0 26 12.6 5,657 2.0 25 0.82009 12,127 5.1 52 4.0 2,343 -60.2 10 -60.6 9,784 73.0 42 71.12010 13,269 9.4 56 8.2 983 -58.1 4 -58.5 12,287 25.6 52 24.12011 13,727 3.5 58 2.4 798 -18.8 3 -19.6 12,929 5.2 54 4.12012 13,787 0.4 57 -0.6 762 -4.5 3 -5.5 13,025 0.7 54 -0.32013 13,159 -4.6 54 -5.5 659 -13.5 3 -14.3 12,499 -4.0 52 -5.02014 13,695 4.1 56 2.9 564 -14.4 2 -15.4 13,131 5.1 54 3.92015 11,411 -16.7 46 -17.5 556 -1.3 2 -2.3 10,855 -17.3 44 -18.2% change, 2000–2015 — 85.2† — 56.8† — -75.6† — -79.3† — 179.6† — 136.8†Year Total loose tobacco (roll-your-own, and pipe [cigarette equivalents]) Roll-your-own loose tobacco (cigarette equivalents) Pipe tobacco (cigarette equivalents)Total (millions) % change Per capita % change Total (millions) % change Per capita % change Total (millions) % change Per capita % change2000 8,994 — 43 — 5,995 — 29 2,999 — 14 —2001 7,629 -15.2 36 -16.2 4,714 -21.4 22 -22.3 2,915 -2.8 14 -4.02002 8,494 11.3 40 10.1 5,737 21.7 27 20.3 2,757 -5.4 13 -6.52003 8,596 1.2 40 0.1 6,207 8.2 29 7.0 2,389 -13.3 11 -14.32004 8,914 3.7 41 2.5 6,600 6.40 30 5.1 2,314 -3.2 11 -4.32005 11,037 23.8 50 22.4 8,614 30.5 39 29.1 2,423 4.7 11 3.62006 10,915 -1.1 49 -2.2 8,594 -0.2 38 -1.4 2,322 -4.2 10 -5.32007 11,788 8.0 52 6.7 9,326 8.5 41 7.3 2,463 6.1 11 4.82008 13,307 12.9 58 11.6 10,721 15.0 47 13.6 2,586 5.0 11 3.82009 12,261 -7.9 53 -8.9 6,006 -44.0 26 -44.6 6,256 142.0 27 139.32010 15,519 26.6 66 25.1 3,168 -47.3 13 -47.9 12,351 97.4 53 95.22011 20,081 29.4 85 28.8 2,622 -17.2 11 -18.1 17,459 41.4 73 39.92012 21,422 6.7 89 4.9 2,240 -14.6 9 -15.5 19,183 9.9 80 8.72013 22,697 5.9 94 4.9 1,898 -15.3 8 -16.1 20,799 8.4 86 7.42014 21,820 -3.9 89 -4.9 1,594 -16.0 6 -16.9 20,226 -2.8 82 -3.82015 21,483 -1.5 87 -2.5 1,797 12.7 7 11.6 19,687 -2.7 79 -3.6% change, 2000–2015 — 138.9† — 102.2† — -70.0† — -74.6† — 556.4† — 455.7†Year Total smokeless (chewing tobacco and snuff [lbs]) Chewing tobacco (lbs) Snuff (lbs)Total (millions) % change Per capita % change Total (millions) % change Per capita % change Total (millions) % change Per capita % change2000 111,746 — 0.533 — 45,594 — 0.217 — 66,152 — 0.315 —2001 119,316 6.8 0.562 5.5 49,500 8.6 0.233 7.3 69,816 5.5 0.329 4.32002 118,564 -0.6 0.552 -1.7 47,311 -4.4 0.220 -5.5 71,253 2.1 0.332 0.92003 120,790 1.9 0.556 0.8 46,080 -2.6 0.212 -3.6 74,709 4.9 0.344 3.72004 121,149 0.3 0.552 -0.8 43,149 -6.4 0.197 -7.4 78,000 4.4 0.355 3.22005 119,452 -1.4 0.538 -2.5 39,199 -9.2 0.177 -10.2 80,253 2.9 0.361 1.82006 125,738 5.3 0.560 4.1 39,098 -0.3 0.174 -1.4 86,640 8.0 0.386 6.72007 123,672 -1.6 0.544 -2.8 35,304 -9.7 0.155 -10.8 88,368 2.0 0.389 0.82008 128,265 3.7 0.558 2.5 33,446 -5.3 0.145 -6.4 94,819 7.3 0.412 6.02009 125,479 -2.2 0.540 -3.2 30,425 -9.0 0.131 -10.0 95,054 0.2 0.409 -0.82010 127,527 1.6 0.542 0.5 27,615 -9.2 0.117 -10.3 99,912 5.1 0.425 3.92011 128,363 0.7 0.540 -0.4 24,801 -10.2 0.104 -11.1 103,562 3.7 0.436 2.62012 132,351 3.1 0.551 2.0 24,146 -2.6 0.101 -3.7 108,205 4.5 0.451 3.42013 135,440 2.3 0.558 1.3 22,434 -7.1 0.092 -8.0 113,007 4.4 0.466 3.42014 136,333 0.7 0.556 -0.5 21,965 -2.1 0.090 -3.2 114,368 1.2 0.466 0.12015 137,581 0.9 0.555 -0.1 20,156 -8.2 0.081 -9.2 117,425 2.7 0.473 1.6% change, 2000–2015 — 23.1† — 4.2 — -55.8† — -62.6† — 77.5† — 50.3†* Adults aged ≥18 years as reported annually by the U.S. Census Bureau.† Statistically significant (p<0.05) based on Joinpoint analysis.TopFIGURE 1. Consumption of combustible* and smokeless tobacco† — United States, 2000–2015* Combustible tobacco includes cigarettes, cigars, and loose roll-your-own and pipe tobacco, and is measured as cigarette equivalents per capita.† Smokeless tobacco includes chewing tobacco and dry snuff, and is measured as weight (lbs) per capita.TopFIGURE 2. Consumption of cigars* — United States, 2000–2015* Cigars are measured as cigarette equivalents per capita. Small cigars are defined as cigars that weigh =3 lbs (1.36 kg) per 1,000 cigars, and large cigars are defined as cigars that weigh >3 lbs per 1,000 cigars.TopSuggested citation for this article: Wang TW, Kenemer B, Tynan MA, Singh T, King B. Consumption of Combustible and Smokeless Tobacco — United States, 2000–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65:1357–1363. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6548a1.MMWR and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are service marks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or imply endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. CDC is not responsible for the content of pages found at these sites. URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as of the date of publication.All HTML versions of MMWR articles are generated from final proofs through an automated process. This conversion might result in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. Users are referred to the electronic PDF version (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr) and/or the original MMWR paper copy for printable versions of official text, figures, and tables.Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to mmwrq@cdc.gov.View Page In: PDF [458K]Last Reviewed: August 14, 2017Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* Syndicate* MMWR* Reports by Topic* Publications plus icon+ Weekly Report plus icono Past Volumes (1982-2023)o Past Volumes (1982-2024)+ Recommendations and Reports plus icono Past Volumes (1990-2022)+ Surveillance Summaries plus icono Past Volumes (1983-2023)o Past Volumes (1983-2024)+ Supplements plus icono Past Volumes (1985-2023)+ Archive (1952-1981)+ Notifiable Infectious Diseases+ Notifiable Noninfectious Conditions* Vital Signs* Visual Abstracts* Podcasts* Continuing Education* MMWR Clinical Pearls* Metrics* For Authors* About plus icon+ Staff+ Editorial Board* Subscribe plus icon+ RSS FeedMetric DetailsCloseViewsView data is collected and posted time period. Page views include both html and pdf views of an article.Views since publication* Page Views: 1,265* Page Views: 3,215* Page Downloads: 14* Page Downloads: 42* Total Views: 1,279* Total Views: 3,257View ActivityFirst 30 Days Total ViewsCitations: 45Citations: 47AltmetricsClick a source for Altmetric detailsWhat is the Altmetric Attention Score?The Altmetric Attention Score for a research output provides an indicator of the amount of attention that it has received. The score is derived from an automated algorithm, and represents a weighted count of the amount of attention Altmetric picked up for a research output.Close* About CDC* Contact Us* 800-232-4636Facebook Twitter Instagram LinkedIn Youtube Pinterest SnapchatFacebook Twitter Instagram LinkedIn Youtube Pinterest Snapchat RSS* CONTACT CDCContact UsCall 800-232-4636Email Us* ABOUT CDC+ About CDC+ Jobs+ Funding* POLICIES+ Accessibility+ External Links+ Privacy+ Policies+ Web Policies+ No Fear Act+ FOIA+ OIG+ No Fear Act+ Nondiscrimination+ Vulnerability Disclosure Policy+ CDC Archive+ Public Health Publications+ HHS.gov+ USA.gov* CONNECT WITH US+ Youtube+ Snapchat* LANGUAGES+ Español+ 繁體中文+ Tiếng Việt+ 한국어+ Tagalog+ Русский+ العربية+ Kreyòl Ayisyen+ Français+ Polski+ Português+ Italiano+ Deutsch+ 日本語+ فارسی+ English* U.S. Department of Health & Human Services* Accessibility* External Links* Privacy* Policies* Web Policies* FOIA* OIG* No Fear Act* FOIA* Nondiscrimination* OIG* Vulnerability Disclosure Policy* CDC Archive* Public Health Publications* HHS.gov* USA.govContent Credential×This image was edited or created using GenAI (generative artificial intelligence).Our experts review all images in an effort to ensure accuracy and quality before use.Learn more about CDC's usage of GenAI.
Note: Comparison ignores leading/trailing whitespace
and certain script/tracking codes. Word-level
highlighting (optional above) only applies to changed
lines.