Comparison timestamp: 2025-05-02 14:03:01 UTC
RestoredCDC URL: http://restoredcdc.org/www.cdc.gov/maternal-mortality/php/data-research/2020-mmrc.html
Live cdc.gov URL ↗: https://www.cdc.gov/maternal-mortality/php/data-research/2020-mmrc.html
RestoredCDC URL: http://restoredcdc.org/www.cdc.gov/maternal-mortality/php/data-research/2020-mmrc.html
Live cdc.gov URL ↗: https://www.cdc.gov/maternal-mortality/php/data-research/2020-mmrc.html
Removed: Line removed from cdc.gov. Specific word removals are highlighted.
Added: Line added to cdc.gov. Specific word additions are highlighted.
Injected:
Line or disclaimer added by RestoredCDC.org.
Unchanged: Line unchanged.
Original site: www.cdc.gov/maternal-mortality/php/data-research/index.html | RestoredCDC.org is an independent project, not affiliated with CDC or any federal entity. Visit CDC.gov for free official information. Due to archival on January 6, 2025, recent outbreak data is unavailable. Videos are not restored. Access data.restoredcdc.org for restored data. Use of this site implies acceptance of this disclaimer.[More]About Us Report Bug Compare ContentSkip directly to site content Skip directly to search Skip directly to On This PageAn official website of the United States governmentHere's how you knowOfficial websites use .govA .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.Secure .gov websites use HTTPSA lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.Maternal Mortality PreventionExplore TopicsSearchSearchClear InputFor Everyone* Preventing Pregnancy-Related Deaths* View allPublic Health* Enhancing Reviews and Surveillance to Eliminate Maternal Mortality (CDC-RFA-DP24-0053)* Public Health Strategy* Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* Pregnancy-Related Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Persons: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* Pregnancy-Related Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Women: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System* Circumstances Contributing to Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* ERASE MM* About Maternal Mortality Review Committees* Maternal Mortality Review Committee Logic Model* View allRelated Topics:HEAR HER Campaign | PRAMS | Reproductive HealthView Allsearch close searchsearchMaternal Mortality Prevention Menu CloseMaternal Mortality Prevention MenusearchFor Everyone* Preventing Pregnancy-Related Deaths* View All HomePublic Health* Enhancing Reviews and Surveillance to Eliminate Maternal Mortality (CDC-RFA-DP24-0053)* Public Health Strategy* Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* Pregnancy-Related Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Persons: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* Pregnancy-Related Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Women: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System* Circumstances Contributing to Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* ERASE MM* About Maternal Mortality Review Committees* Maternal Mortality Review Committee Logic Model* View AllRelated Topics* HEAR HER Campaign* PRAMS* Reproductive HealthView All Maternal Mortality PreventionEnhancing Reviews and Surveillance to Eliminate Maternal Mortality (CDC-RFA-DP24-0053) Public Health Strategy Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020 Pregnancy-Related Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Persons: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020 Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System Circumstances Contributing to Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020 ERASE MM About Maternal Mortality Review Committees View AllPregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020 Pregnancy-Related Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Women: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020 Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System Circumstances Contributing to Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020 ERASE MM About Maternal Mortality Review Committees Maternal Mortality Review Committee Logic Model View AllMay 28, 2024Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020Key points* Pregnancy-related deaths occurred during pregnancy, delivery, and up to 1 year postpartum.* The leading cause of pregnancy-related death varied by race and ethnicity.* Over 80% of pregnancy-related deaths were determined to be preventable.IntroductionMaternal mortality review committees (MMRCs) are multidisciplinary groups/teams that convene at the state or local level to comprehensively review deaths during or within 1 year of the end of pregnancy (pregnancy-associated deaths). MMRCs have access to clinical and nonclinical information, such as vital records, medical records, and social service records, to:* More fully understand the circumstances surrounding each death.* Determine whether the death was pregnancy-related.* Develop recommendations for action to prevent similar deaths.Data on 525 pregnancy-related deaths among residents of 38 states during 2020 were shared with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through the Maternal Mortality Review Information Application (MMRIA). For more information on interpretation and the data please see the Data sources and methods section.Data on 525 pregnancy-related deaths among women residing in 38 states during 2020 were shared with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through the Maternal Mortality Review Information Application (MMRIA). For more information on interpretation and the data please see the Data sources and methods section.The dataTable 1. Characteristics of Pregnancy-Related Deaths, Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020a,bNumber of pregnancy-related deaths (N = 525) %Race and ethnicityHispanic 101 19.5Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native 7 1.4Non-Hispanic Asian 15 2.9Non-Hispanic Black 157 30.3Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 2 0.4Non-Hispanic White 221 42.6Non-Hispanic other/multiple races 16 3.1Age at death (years)15–19 15 2.920–24 69 13.225–29 150 28.730–34 142 27.235–39 109 20.840–44 36 6.9≥45 2 0.4Education12th grade or less; no diploma 89 17.2High school graduate or GED completed 212 40.9Some college credit, but no degree 107 20.7Associate or bachelor's degree 85 16.4Advanced degree 25 4.8a Race or ethnicity was missing for 6 (1.1%) pregnancy-related deaths; age was missing for 2 (0.4%) pregnancy-related deaths; education was missing for 7 (1.3%) pregnancy-related deaths. Deaths with missing values were not included in percent calculations.b Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.Table 2. Urbanicitya of Place of Last Residence, Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020bNumber of pregnancy-related deaths %Urban 401 82.5Rural 85 17.5a Urban classification includes metropolitan division (≥2,500,000) and metropolitan (≥50,000–2,499,999). Rural classification includes micropolitan (10,000–49,999) and rural (<10,000) as captured in MMRIA.b Among pregnancy-related deaths, 7.4% lacked geographic information based on county of last residence (n = 39). Deaths with missing values were not included in percent calculations.Table 3. Distribution of Pregnancy-Related Deaths by Timing of Death in Relation to Pregnancy, Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020aNumber of pregnancy-related deaths %During pregnancy 135 25.7Day of delivery 58 11.11–6 days postpartum 85 16.27–42 days postpartum 106 20.243–365 days postpartum 141 26.9a Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.SpotlightSpotlightAmong pregnancy-related deaths in 2020, 47% occurred 7–365 days postpartum.Among the 525 pregnancy-related deaths, an underlying cause of death was identified for 511 deaths. In 2020, the six most frequent underlying causes of pregnancy-related death—mental health conditions, cardiovascular conditions, infection, hemorrhage, embolism, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy—accounted for over 82% of pregnancy-related deaths (Table 4). Infection was the most frequent underlying cause of pregnancy-related deaths among Hispanic persons; amniotic fluid embolism was the most frequent underlying cause of pregnancy-related deaths among non-Hispanic Asian persons; cardiovascular conditions were the most frequent underlying cause of pregnancy-related deaths among non-Hispanic Black persons; and mental health conditions were the most frequent underlying cause of pregnancy-related deaths among non-Hispanic White persons. Frequency of underlying causes of pregnancy-related death among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), and non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) persons, are included in Table 4 but were not ranked due to the small number of deaths.Among the 525 pregnancy-related deaths, an underlying cause of death was identified for 511 deaths. In 2020, the six most frequent underlying causes of pregnancy-related death—mental health conditions, cardiovascular conditions, infection, hemorrhage, embolism, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy—accounted for over 82% of pregnancy-related deaths (Table 4). Infection was the most frequent underlying cause of pregnancy-related deaths among Hispanic women; amniotic fluid embolism was the most frequent underlying cause of pregnancy-related deaths among non-Hispanic Asian women; cardiovascular conditions were the most frequent underlying cause of pregnancy-related deaths among non-Hispanic Black women; and mental health conditions were the most frequent underlying cause of pregnancy-related deaths among non-Hispanic White women. Frequency of underlying causes of pregnancy-related death among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), and non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) women, are included in Table 4 but were not ranked due to the small number of deaths.Table 4. Underlying Causes of Pregnancy-Related Deathsa, Overall and by Race-Ethnicityb, Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020cTotal Hispanic Non-HispanicCondition AI/AN Asian Black NHOPI WhiteNumber of pregnancy-related deaths % Number of pregnancy-related deaths % Number of pregnancy-related deaths % Number of pregnancy-related deaths % Number of pregnancy-related deaths % Number of pregnancy-related deaths % Number of pregnancy-related deaths %Mental health conditionsd 115 22.5 16 15.8 2 - 1 7.7 13 8.6 0 - 79 36.4Cardiovascular conditions 85 16.6 12 11.9 2 - 1 7.7 35 23 0 - 33 15.2Cardiomyopathy 35 6.8 5 5 2 - 1 7.7 12 7.9 0 - 14 6.5Other cardiovascular conditionse 50 9.8 7 6.9 0 - 0 0.0 23 15.1 0 - 19 8.8Infection 84 16.4 32 31.7 2 - 1 7.7 29 19.1 1 - 16 7.4COVID-19 54 10.6 29 28.7 2 - 0 0 17 11.2 1 - 4 1.8Hemorrhage 57 11.2 14 13.9 0 - 1 7.7 11 7.2 0 - 29 13.4Embolism 44 8.6 5 5 0 - 2 15.4 21 13.8 0 - 14 6.5Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 36 7.1 7 6.9 0 - 1 7.7 11 7.2 0 - 13 6Amniotic fluid embolism 19 3.7 4 4 0 - 3 23.1 2 1.3 0 - 9 4.2Injury 11 2.2 1 1 0 - 0 0 5 3.3 0 - 5 2.3Cerebrovascular accident 10 2 2 2 0 - 0 0.0 3 2 0 - 5 2.3Collagen vascular/autoimmune diseases 9 1.8 3 3 0 - 1 7.7 2 1.3 1 - 2 0.9Metabolic/endocrine 9 1.8 0 0 0 - 0 0.0 7 4.6 0 - 2 0.9Pulmonary conditions 7 1.4 2 2 0 - 0 0.0 3 2 0 - 2 0.9Cancer 5 1 1 1 0 - 0 0.0 3 2 0 - 1 0.5Conditions unique to pregnancy 4 0.8 0 0 0 - 0 0.0 1 0.7 0 - 3 1.4Hematologic 4 0.8 1 1 0 - 1 7.7 1 0.7 0 - 1 0.5Neurologic/neurovascular conditions 4 0.8 0 0 0 - 1 7.7 1 0.7 0 - 1 0.5Anesthesia complications 3 0.6 0 0 0 - 0 0.0 2 1.3 0 - 1 0.5Gastrointestinal disorders 3 0.6 1 1 0 - 0 0.0 2 1.3 0 - 0 0Renal diseases 2 0.4 0 0 0 - 0 0.0 0 0 0 - 1 0.5a Specific cause of death was missing (n = 3) or listed as "Unknown" (n = 11) for a total of 14 (2.7%) pregnancy-related deaths. Deaths with missing values were not included in percent calculations. Percentages are not presented when the denominator is <10.b Race or ethnicity was missing for 6 (1.1%) pregnancy-related deaths. Deaths among persons classified as non-Hispanic other/multiple races, or missing race or ethnicity, are included in the total number of deaths.b Race or ethnicity was missing for 6 (1.1%) pregnancy-related deaths. Deaths among women classified as non-Hispanic other/multiple races, or missing race or ethnicity, are included in the total number of deaths.c Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.d Mental health conditions include deaths of suicide, overdose/poisoning related to substance use disorder, and other deaths determined by the MMRC to be related to a mental health condition, including substance use disorder.e Other cardiovascular conditions include deaths of coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, acquired and congenital valvular heart disease, vascular aneurysm, hypertensive cardiovascular disease, Marfan syndrome, conduction defects, vascular malformations, and other cardiovascular disease; and excludes cardiomyopathy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.For the details of each cause of death category, please see the Committee Decisions Form.SpotlightSpotlightAmong pregnancy-related deaths with information on underlying cause of death, leading underlying cause of death varied by race and ethnicity.For each death, MMRCs determine whether the death was a suicide and whether the death was a homicide. Among the 525 pregnancy-related deaths, a "suicide manner of death" determination was available for 501 deaths and a "homicide manner of death" determination was available for 518 deaths. Deaths without a determination include those where the MMRC selected "unknown" because of insufficient information or nonagreement among committee members.Table 5. Among Pregnancy-Related Deaths, MMRC-Determined Manner of Death, Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020a,bSuicide HomicideNumber of pregnancy-related deaths % Number of pregnancy-related deaths %No 456 91 508 98.1Yes 37 7.4 9 1.7Probably 8 1.6 1 0.2a A suicide manner of death determination was missing (n = 1) or listed as "unknown" (n = 23) for a total of 24 (4.6%) pregnancy-related deaths. A homicide manner of death determination was missing (n = 3) or listed as "unknown" (n = 4) for a total of 7 (1.3%) of pregnancy-related deaths. Deaths with missing values were not included in percent calculations.b Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.SpotlightSpotlightAmong pregnancy-related deaths with information on manner of death in 2020, MMRCs determined 7% to be a suicide, and 2% to be a homicide.Among the 525 pregnancy-related deaths, a preventability determination was made for 515 deaths. Among these, 430 (84%) were determined to be preventable (Table 6).Table 6. Percentage of Pregnancy-Related Deaths Determined by MMRCs To Be Preventable, Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020aNumber of pregnancy-related deaths %Preventable 430 83.5Not preventable 85 16.5a A preventability determination was missing (n = 1) or unable to be determined (n = 9) for a total of 10 (1.9%) pregnancy-related deaths. Deaths with missing values were not included in percent calculations.SpotlightSpotlightAmong pregnancy-related deaths in 2020, MMRCs determined 84% to be preventable.Data sources and methodsExpand AllConsiderations for interpretation* CDC reports from different years of analysis based on data from MMRCs should not be directly compared.* These data describe the distribution of characteristics among pregnancy-related deaths, but do not describe the estimated risk or disproportionate burden of pregnancy-related deaths by characteristics.* Beginning in 2020, a new category for grouping Cardiovascular conditions was introduced. This Cardiovascular condition category includes deaths with underlying causes of cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular conditions. Other cardiovascular conditions were referred to as cardiac and coronary condition in previous reports.* Beginning in 2020, COVID-19 could be documented by MMRCs as an underlying cause of death and is included in the infection category.Data were shared for aggregate analysis by jurisdictional MMRCs through MMRIA. MMRIA supports standardized record abstraction, case summary development, documentation of committee decisions, and analysis. Data analyzed included information on pregnancy-related deaths that occurred in 2020 among residents of these 38 states: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.Data were shared for aggregate analysis by jurisdictional MMRCs through MMRIA. MMRIA supports standardized record abstraction, case summary development, documentation of committee decisions, and analysis. Data analyzed included information on pregnancy-related deaths that occurred in 2020 among women residing in 38 states: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.In some states, only a partial year of data was shared. Some states group review of deaths by cause of death and may have reviewed only some causes before sharing data with CDC. Sensitivity analysis did not indicate any major differences in underlying causes of death when data for those states were excluded.We used race and ethnicity data from the birth or fetal death records, when available, and from death records when a birth record or fetal death record was unavailable. Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the birth, fetal, and death records; more than one race can be selected. All deaths with a notation of Hispanic origin are classified as Hispanic. For deaths with missing notation of Hispanic origin, race and ethnicity of the decedent was classified as missing. For deaths with a notation of non-Hispanic origin but a notation of race was missing, the race or ethnicity of the decedent was classified as missing. For non-Hispanic persons, race was classified as: non-Hispanic single-race White, non-Hispanic single-race Black, non-Hispanic single-race AI/AN, non-Hispanic single-race Asian, non-Hispanic single-race NHOPI. For brevity, text and tables omit the term "single-race." Text from the "Other" race field was not recoded. When "Other "race or more than one race were noted, race was classified as "non-Hispanic other/multiple races."We used race and ethnicity data from the birth or fetal death records, when available, and from death records when a birth record or fetal death record was unavailable. Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the birth, fetal, and death records; more than one race can be selected. All deaths with a notation of Hispanic origin are classified as Hispanic. For deaths with missing notation of Hispanic origin, race and ethnicity of the decedent was classified as missing. For deaths with a notation of non-Hispanic origin but a notation of race was missing, the race or ethnicity of the decedent was classified as missing. For non-Hispanic women, race was classified as: non-Hispanic single-race White, non-Hispanic single-race Black, non-Hispanic single-race AI/AN, non-Hispanic single-race Asian, non-Hispanic single-race NHOPI. For brevity, text and tables omit the term "single-race." Text from the "Other" race field was not recoded. When "Other "race or more than one race were noted, race was classified as "non-Hispanic other/multiple races."Age at death was based on information from the death record. We used education level from the birth or fetal death record, when available, and from death records when a birth or fetal death record was unavailable. Geographic classifications are those produced by Texas A&M Geoservices.Timing of death in relation to pregnancy was assigned using the number of days between the date of death and the end of pregnancy as documented by the MMRC abstractor. MMRIA instructs MMRC abstractors to enter "0" number of days if the death occurred on the day of delivery. Deaths classified as occurring on the "Day of delivery" occurred within 24 hours of the end of pregnancy. If the abstractor-assigned number of days was missing, deaths that the MMRC abstractor classified as "Pregnant at the time of death" were classified as "During pregnancy." If an abstractor-assigned timing of death was missing, timing of death was calculated using the number of days between the date of death on the death record and the date of birth or fetal death on the linked birth or fetal death record by CDC. If timing of death was still missing, deaths with the standard pregnancy checkbox on the death certificate marked as "Pregnant at the time of death" were classified as "During pregnancy." We completed a manual review of narratives in MMRIA for 10% of the deaths in each time period to confirm the classification of timing of death. No discrepancies were noted except for deaths that occurred on the day of delivery. Based on this finding, we completed a manual review of narratives for all deaths that occurred on the day of delivery and recoded inaccurate timing of deaths. The timing of death documented in the narrative was used to classify timing of deaths when deaths were missing a timing classification based on the number of days, abstractor-assigned category, and pregnancy checkbox.Pregnancy-related deaths determined by the MMRCs to be suicides were assigned an underlying cause of death of mental health conditions during analysis, if not already assigned this cause of death by an MMRC. Deaths where the MMRCs determined the means of fatal injury to be "overdose/poisoning," and where the MMRCs determined that substance use disorder contributed to the death, were assigned an underlying cause of death of mental health conditions during analysis, if not already assigned this cause of death by an MMRC.DefinitionsPregnancy-related: A death during pregnancy or within 1 year of the end of pregnancy from a pregnancy complication, a chain of events initiated by pregnancy, or the aggravation of an unrelated condition by the physiologic effects of pregnancy. In addition to having a temporal relationship to pregnancy, these deaths are causally related to pregnancy or its management.Preventability: A death is considered preventable if the committee determines that there was at least some chance of the death being averted by one or more reasonable changes to patient, community, provider, facility, and/or systems factors. MMRIA allows MMRCs to document preventability decisions in two ways: (1) determining preventability as a "yes" or "no", and/or (2) determining the chance to alter the outcome by using a scale that indicates "no chance", "some chance", or "good chance." Any death with a "yes" response or a response that there was "some chance" or a "good chance" to alter the outcome was considered "preventable." Deaths with a "no" response or "no chance" were considered "not preventable."Suggested citationTrost SL, Busacker A, Leonard M, et al. Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data from Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2024The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About the authorsSusanna Trost, Ashley Busacker, Gyan Chandra, Lisa Hollier and David Goodman are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Division of Reproductive Health; Mackenzie Leonard and Maya Wright are Tanaq Support Services employees assigned to the NCCDPHP, Division of Reproductive Health; Alyssa Harvey was a Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow in the NCCDPHP, Division of Reproductive Health; Naima Joseph is an Assistant Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology at Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine.AcknowledgementsMaternal Mortality Review Committee data included in this report were provided by the Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New York City, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming Departments of Health or agencies responsible for maternal mortality review. Any published findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of these Departments of Health or agencies responsible for maternal mortality review. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.On This Page* Introduction* The data* Data sources and methods* Definitions* Suggested citation* AcknowledgementsRelated PagesPregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 36 U.S. States, 2017–2019Related Pages** Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 36 U.S. States, 2017–2019* Pregnancy-Related Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Women: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System** Circumstances Contributing to Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* View All* ERASE MM** Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 36 U.S. States, 2017–2019* Pregnancy-Related Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Women: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System** Circumstances Contributing to Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* View All* ERASE MMView All Maternal Mortality PreventionBack to TopMaternal Mortality PreventionCDC's Division of Reproductive Health is committed to preventing pregnancy-related deaths and ensuring the best possible birth outcomes.View AllFor Everyone* Preventing Pregnancy-Related DeathsPublic Health* Enhancing Reviews and Surveillance to Eliminate Maternal Mortality (CDC-RFA-DP24-0053)* Public Health Strategy* Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* Pregnancy-Related Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Women: Data From Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 38 U.S. States, 2020* Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System* View AllSign up for Email UpdatesContact UsContact Us* Call 800-232-4636* Contact CDCAbout CDCAbout CDC* Pressroom* Organization* Budget & Funding* Careers & JobsPolicies* Accessibility* External Links* Privacy* Web Policies* FOIA* OIG* No Fear Act* Nondiscrimination* Vulnerability Disclosure PolicyLanguagesLanguages* EspañolLanguage Assistance* Español* 繁體中文* Tiếng Việt* 한국어* Tagalog* Русский* العربية* Kreyòl Ayisyen* Français* Polski* Português* Italiano* Deutsch* 日本語* فارسی* EnglishArchive* CDC Archive* Public Health PublicationsContact UsContact Us* Call 800-232-4636* Contact CDCAbout CDC* Pressroom* Organization* Budget & Funding* Careers & Jobs* About CDCPolicies* Accessibility* External Links* Privacy* Web Policies* FOIA* OIG* No Fear Act* Nondiscrimination* Vulnerability Disclosure PolicyLanguagesLanguages* EspañolLanguage Assistance* Español* 繁體中文* Tiếng Việt* 한국어* Tagalog* Русский* العربية* Kreyòl Ayisyen* Français* Polski* Português* Italiano* Deutsch* 日本語* فارسی* EnglishArchive* CDC Archive* Public Health PublicationsHHS.gov USA.gov
Note: Comparison ignores leading/trailing whitespace
and certain script/tracking codes. Word-level
highlighting (optional above) only applies to changed
lines.