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        The CDC Clear Communication Index
        The CDC Clear Communication Index
        Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People The CDC Clear Communication Index
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    The CDC Clear Communication Index
      * Clear Communication Index User Guide
              + BACK
                Clear Communication Index User Guide
          + What Makes the Index Different?
          + How to Use the Index
          + Developing Effective Communication Products
          + Anatomy of a Material
          + Description and Examples: Part A
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                    Description and Examples: Part A
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                    Clear Communication Index User Guide Description and Examples: Part A
              o One Main Message
              o Location of Main Message
              o Main Message Visual Cues
              o Visual Supports Main Message
              o Call To Action
              o Active voice
              o Common words
              o Bulleted or numbered lists
              o Chunks and headings
              o Important Information Summarized
              o What We Know and Don’t Know
              o The CDC Clear Communication Index Home
          + Description and Examples: Part B
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                    Description and Examples: Part B
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                    Clear Communication Index User Guide Description and Examples: Part B
              o Behavioral Recommendations
              o Why Behavioral Recommendations
              o Specific Directions
              o The CDC Clear Communication Index Home
          + Description and Examples: Part C
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                    Description and Examples: Part C
                  o BACK
                    Clear Communication Index User Guide Description and Examples: Part C
              o Common numbers
              o Number Meaning
              o Mathematical calculations
              o The CDC Clear Communication Index Home
          + Description and Examples: Part D
                  o BACK
                    Description and Examples: Part D
                  o BACK
                    Clear Communication Index User Guide Description and Examples: Part D
              o Risk explained
              o Risks and benefits
              o Probability words and visuals
              o The CDC Clear Communication Index Home
          + Appendix A
          + Appendix B
          + The CDC Clear Communication Index Home
      * Frequently Asked Questions
      * Example Materials
              + BACK
                Example Materials
          + HAI
          + NVDRS
          + Thimerosal
          + The CDC Clear Communication Index Home
      * Index Design Guides
      * Index Widget
      * References for Index Items
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                References for Index Items
          + Part A
          + Part B
          + Part C
          + Part D
          + The CDC Clear Communication Index Home
      * Contact Us
      * The CDC Clear Communication Index Home
          The CDC Clear Communication Index
    The CDC Clear Communication Index Home
        Part C
          Part C
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            Related Pages
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          * Bransford, J. D., & Johnson, M. K. (1972). Contextual prerequisites for understanding: Some investigations of comprehension and recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 717-726.
          * Fagerlin, A., & Peters, E. (2011). Quantitative information. In B. Fischhoff, N. T. Brewer, & J. S. Downs (Eds.), Communicating risks and benefits: An evidence-based users’ guide (pp. 53-64). Silver Spring, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration.
          * Fagerlin, A., Zickmund-Fisher, B., & Ubel, P. (2011). Helping patients decide: Ten steps to better risk communication. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 103(19), 1436-1443.
          * Gigerenzer, G., Gaissmaier, W., Kurz-Milcke, E., Schwartz, L., & Woloshin, S. (2008). Helping doctors and patients make sense of health statistics. Psychological Sciences in the Public Interest, 8(2), 53-96.
          * Harp, S.F. & Mayer, R.E. (1997). The role of interest in learning from scientific text and illustrations: On the distinction between emotional interest and cognitive interest. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(1), 92-102.
          * Lipkus, I., & Peters, E. (2009). Understanding the role of numeracy in public health: proposed theoretical framework and practical insights. Health Education and Behavior, 36(6), 1065-1081.
          * Mayer, R.E., Heiser, J., & Lonn, S. (2011). Cognitive constraints on multimedia learning: When presenting more material results in less understanding. Journal of Educational Psychology. 93(1), 187-198.
          * Nelson, D. E., Hesse, B. W., & Croyle, R. T. (2009). Making data talk: Communicating public health data to the public, policy makers, and the press. New York: Oxford University Press.
          * Peters, E., Dieckmann, N., Västfjäll, D., Slovic, P., & Hibbard, J. (2009). Bringing meaning to numbers: The impact of evaluative categories on decisions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 15, 213-227.
          * Reyna, V., Nelson, W., Han, P., & Dieckmann, N. (2009). How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 943-973.
          * Visschers, V. H., Meertens, R. M., Passchier, W. W., & de Vries, N. N. (2009). Probability information in risk communication: A review of the research literature. Risk Analysis, 29(2), 267-287.
      Last Reviewed: August 7, 2019
        Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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      home Index Home
      * Clear Communication Index User Guide plus icon
          + What Makes the Index Different?
          + How to Use the Index
          + Developing Effective Communication Products
          + Anatomy of a Material
          + Description and Examples: Part A plus icon
              o One Main Message
              o Location of Main Message
              o Main Message Visual Cues
              o Visual Supports Main Message
              o Call To Action
              o Active voice
              o Common words
              o Bulleted or numbered lists
              o Chunks and headings
              o Important Information Summarized
              o What We Know and Don’t Know
          + Description and Examples: Part B plus icon
              o Behavioral Recommendations
              o Why Behavioral Recommendations
              o Specific Directions
          + Description and Examples: Part C plus icon
              o Common numbers
              o Number Meaning
              o Mathematical calculations
          + Description and Examples: Part D plus icon
              o Risk explained
              o Risks and benefits
              o Probability words and visuals
          + Appendix A
          + Appendix B
      * Frequently Asked Questions
      * Example Materials plus icon
          + HAI
          + NVDRS
          + Thimerosal
      * Index Design Guides
      * Index Widget
      * References for Index Items plus icon
          + Part A
          + Part B
          + Part C
          + Part D
      * Contact Us
          Printer-friendly options
            * Clear Communication Index User Guide [3.66 MB, 36 pages]
            * Full Index Score Sheet [694 KB, 7 pages]
            * Modified Index Score Sheet [685 KB, 7 pages]
          To send comments, questions, or requests about the Index, please use our online form.
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